辛达雅思代报考位，雅思代报名截止前提醒广大考生抓紧时间报名，欢迎前来咨询在线客服。

       21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. 跟着我的研讨不断深入，我对昆虫和脊椎动物群落之间的功用相似性形象愈来愈深刻，而对结构上的差异形象益发冷漠，尽管这些结构上的差异初看上去好像构成了二者间一条无法愈越的鸿沟。

　　22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. 尽管小说无疑起源于政治情状，但其作者则是以非认识形状的方法对这些政治情状作出反响的，而将小说和故事首要地当作认识形状的东西来讨论，会在相当程度上阻止小说事业。

　　23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic? 这究竟是一种缺陷呢，仍是这些作者想要依照一种异乎寻常的美学体系进行创造，抑或是在企图创建一种异乎寻常的美学体系？

　　24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer's Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism ;does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? 不仅如此，有些黑人小说（比方JT的甘蔗）的风格挨近与表现主义和超现实主义；这种技巧是否为流行的主题供给了一个调和的对应呢？这种主题刻画了黑人留意与之相反抗的命运，这是一个通常用更为天然主义的表现手法所表达的主题。

　　25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson's Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. 《黑人小说》考察了极为广泛的一系列小说，在此进程中让咱们留意到了某些引人入胜但却不为人知的著作，如詹姆斯。韦尔登。约翰逊（James Weldon Johnson）的《一个曾经是有色人的自传》（Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man）。

　　26. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface，radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. 尽管这些分子答应可见波长（visible wavelength）的辐射--阳光的绝大部分能量就聚集于此--不受阻挠地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长（longer-wavelength），亦即从地球外表辐射出的红外发射（infrared emission），这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被从头输送回太空。

　　27. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating the details of human behavior but one of imposing constraints-ways of feeling，thinking，and acting that "come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. 这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的效果，不是规则人类行为的种种细节，而是将各种限制强加于人类--即在任何文明的典型情形中都会"天然披露"的情感、思想、以及举动方法。

　　28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the "details" versus "constraints" distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? 以下哪一个选项最有可能为文章中所谈到的与人类行为有关的"人类行为细节"相对"人类所受限制"之间的差异，从人类形状的角度上供给了一个适宜的类比？

　　29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers had removed most of the algae. 在存在许多食草动物的一起却只有少数的水藻花粉囊，这暗示出--但没能证明--食草动物已吞噬了大部分水藻。

　　30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. 可能这样一个现实，那就是许多这样的开端的研讨只是考虑了那些可以用网捞起来的大小的水藻，这样一个忽视了更小的浮游生物（而这些浮游生物咱们现在知道是捕食者首要的食物）的做法，导致了在接下来的研讨中关于捕食者的效果的降低。

       31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of individual zooplankton species in the laboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所进行的研讨，对天然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估量，其手段是经过测量出试验室内独自的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后使用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地情况下的群落捕食速率。

　　32. In the periods of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer， Haney recorded maximum daily community grazing rates，for nutrient-poor lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of 6.6 percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. 在浮游动物数量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏日，哈尼记录了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，关于营养物不充足的湖和沼地湖而言，分别为每日浮游植物繁殖量的6.6%和114%.

　　33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the complete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation and transpiration. 水文循环（hydrologic cycle），作为该学科中的一个首要课题，指的是水所经过的诸现象的整个循环进程，开端时是作为大气中的水蒸气，转而作为雨、雪、露、雹一类的降水量经过液体和固体形状，由此而沿着地层外表分布或进入地层外表，最终经过蒸腾和发出效果再度回复到大气水蒸气的形状。

　　34. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. 只有当一个体系拥有天然的或人工形成的鸿沟来把鸿沟中的水与水文循环联系起来的时分，才有可能把整个的体系恰当的成为与水文地质学有关。

　　35. The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier--that is，the depletion of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system. 史学家弗雷德里克.杰.特纳（Frederick J.Turner）于十九世纪九十年代著述道，美国约自18世纪70年代以来一直在持续不断发展的农人不满，因为国内边远地区（internal frontier）的封闭而更趋加重--亦即是说，美国农业体系进一步扩展所必需的可资使用的新土地几近耗竭。

　　36. In the early 1950's，historians who studied preindustrial Europe （which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800） began， for the first time in large numbers，to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite：the kings，generals，judges，nobles，bishops，and local magnates who had hitherto usually filled history books. 二十世纪五十年代前期，研讨前工业化年代欧洲（此处咱们可将其界定为约自1300年至1800年这一时期的欧洲）的史学家，初次以很多的人数（杨鹏的书中：第一次以许多的数据），开端调查前工业化年代欧洲人口中的大多数，而非那些构成了政治与社会精英阶层的百分之二或三的人口，即国王、将军、法官、贵族、主教、以及当地上的达官高贵，而正是这部分人一直到那时停止普遍充满于史学著作。

　　37. Historians such as Le Roy Ladurie have used the documents to extract case histories， which have illuminated the attitudes of different social groups （these attitudes include，but are not confined to，attitudes toward crime and the law）and have revealed how the authorities administered justice. 象勒罗伊。拉迪里（Le Roy Ladurie）一类的史学家使用这些文献史料从中挖掘出某些个案史（case history）来，阐明晰不同社会群体的情绪（这些情绪包含，但并非局限于，对违法和法令的情绪），并揭示出当局是如何履行审判的。

　　38. It can be inferred from the passage that a historian who wished to compare crime rates per thousand in a European city in one decade of the fifteenth century with crime rates in another decade of that century would probably be most aided by better information about which of the following? 从文章中可以揣度出来，一个期望比较十五世纪曾经一个十年的某个欧洲城市中的每千人的违法率与别的一个十年中的违法率的历史学家将会被以下那种信息的进步所最好的协助？

　　39. My point is that its central consciousness-its profound understanding of class and gender as shaping influences on people's lives-owes much to that earlier literary heritage，a heritage that，in general，has not been sufficiently valued by most contemporary literary critics. 我的观点是，其著作的中心认识--它将阶层和性别作为人们日子的决定性影响而作出的深邃了解--在很大程度上学习了那个前期的文学遗产，而这一遗产就总体而言还尚未获得大多数当代文学评论家的满意注重。

　　40. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants. 即使是这样的要求，即从这些资料中加工出来的生物资料应该对受移植者的安排无害，也可以经过从研讨安排培养对生物资料的反响而来的，或从研讨短期移植而来的技能来满意。