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       01. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上添加一个个别所能具有的子孙数量，并因而能在最大程度上添加所传递到子孙身上去的基因复制品的数量。

　　02. (This is) A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower . （这是一种）照亮实际的愿望，此愿望历来就不会冒失的取代后边的那种愿望，后者是咱们能够将其部分的了解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记载下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的愿望。

　　03. Hardy's weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones. 哈代的缺点一方面缘起于他的某种显着的无能，无法控制好那结不尽相同的创造激动的络绎来往；另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培育和维持那些富于生机生机和风险性强的创造激动。

　　04. Virginia Woolf's provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. 弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫（Virginia Woolf）在创造《黛洛维夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）时有关其创造意图的这番发人深思的陈说，迄今为止一向为文学评论家们所疏忽，由于它杰出反映了她许多文学爱好中某一方面，而这一方面则与人们对"诗性"小说家（poetic novelist）所构成的传统见地截然不同。所谓的"诗性"小说家，所关注的是审视胡思乱想和白日梦境的诸般状况，并致力于寻找个别认识的通幽曲径。

　　05. As she put it in The Common Reader , "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ;and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ." 就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样，"虽然能够毫无疑问的说，没有任何法令被指定出来，也没有任何高楼大厦被树立起来是由于乔叟说了什么或许写了什么；可是，当咱们读它的书的时分，咱们身上每一个毛孔都充满了品德"

　　06. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis . 跟着迸发出来的运动的完毕，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于简略遭到进犯的状况，直到乳酸经过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会（部分）传送回肌肉中从头组成糖原 。

　　07. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves' preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 虽然古特曼供认，由于奴隶生意而形成的被逼离散甚为频频，但他仍是证明，奴隶的偏心--在那些奴隶生意并不频频的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来--在很大程度上侧重于安稳的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。

　　08. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. 古特曼人令人信服地论辨道，黑人家庭的安稳有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去，因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的效果，而关于这种文化遗产，黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的阅历中予以丰厚开展。

　　09. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests,may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 古特曼表明，这种关于外部通婚的偏心很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规则，虽然这些规则在一个和另一个部落集体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联婚（union with close kin）的禁止。

　　10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his definition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. 该社会学家的出题当被应用于针对美国黑人的轻视时，相对而言尚能适用，但他对种族成见所下的界说--即"以种族为基础的、针对某个集体的消级的先入之见，而该集体在任何特定的种族竞赛区域则被遍及认作一种族"--可被了解成相同也襄括了针对加利福尼亚州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人这样一些种族集体的敌视情绪。

       11. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience. 相似于这些现已被在神经细胞中证明的在巨细、形状、化学进程、产生的速度、振奋阈值及其相似的方面上所发生改变，当他们被用来与大脑的体会以可能的方法联系起来的时分，他们在重要性上依然是微乎其微的。

　　12. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types ;however , proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences , which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits . 有可能经过其他方法来证明神经元种类间的纤细的结构差异；可是，这样的依据是缺乏的，即神经激动的性质或许状况是受这些差异所影响的，而这些差异看起来却能影响神经网络的发育形式。

　　13. Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved，the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view，namely，that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as "common currency" throughout the nervous system. 虽然在神经能量上存在着质的不同，这一点历来都没有在严厉的意义上被反对过，可是以上教条通常被扔掉掉，而转向相反的观点，即：神经激动从根本上本质相同，并且被当作"一种普通流"在整个神经系统中传播。

　　14. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size，number， arrangement，and interconnection of the nerve cells，but as far as psycho neural correlations were concerned，the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences. 虽然其他试验显现在神经细胞的巨细、数量、摆放和相互连接上有一些小的差异，可是就心思-神经的联系而言，这些感官区域互相之间的显着的相似性看起来比起细小的差异更为令人注目。

　　15. Although some experiments show that，as an object becomes familiar，its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel，the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis,at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar. 虽然某些试验表明，跟着一个物体变得了解起来，其心里再现图画亦更具全体感，辨认进程相应地更趋于平行，但依据的砝码好像在支撑序列假定（serial hypothesis），至少是关于那些不甚简略、不甚了解的物体来说.

　　16. In large part as a consequence of the feminist movement，historians have focused a great deal of attention in recent years on determining more accurately the status of women in various periods. 在很大程度上，由于女权主义运动（feminist movement）的原因，史学家近年来汇聚了很多的注意力，来更为准确地断定妇女在各个历史时期的地位。 Focus A on B;

　　17. If one begins by examining why ancients refer to Amazons , it becomes clear that ancient Greek descriptions of such societies were meant not so much to represent observed historical fact -real Amazonian societies - but rather to offer "moral lessons" on the supposed outcome of women's rule in their own society . 假如咱们先研究一下为什么古人会说到亚马逊人，下面的一点就变得明晰了，那就是古希腊关于这种社会的庙睡不是太多的被用来表达调查的历史事实--真实的亚麻逊社会的--而是为了关于妇女在其社会中的控制的预期结果供给一种"品德教训"。

　　18. Thus，for instance，it may come as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects；and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field-theoretical equations. 因而，举例来说，对数学家而言，了解到下述情形可能会令其惊惶不已，即薛定谔（Schrodinger）的氢原子方程式并非是对该原子作出的一种绝然正确的描绘，而仅仅是个近似值，趋近于一个在某种程度上更为正确的将自旋、磁性偶极子、以及相对论效应考虑在内的方程式；而这个得以纠正的方程式就其自身而言也仅仅一个不完美的近似值，趋近于无穷无尽的一整套量子场论方程式。

　　19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. 物理学家恐惧于那些准确无误的论据不无道理，由于某种只要在它是准确无误的条件下才令人相信的论据，一旦它赖于树立其上的假定稍有改变，便会失掉它一部的效果；而与此相反，一个虽然并不准确无误但却令人相信的论据，在其根本假定（underlying assumption）略微受搅扰的情况下，依然有可能是站得住脚的。

　　20. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women's group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. 起先，蓝袜女们的确仿照了法国沙龙女主人，将男性襄括到其小圈子中来。然则，跟着她们取得的凝聚力，她们渐趋将自己视作一女人团体，并具有了一种妇女联合认识，而这种认识在法国沙龙女主人身上则化为乌有，由于她们每个人在其自己的沙龙中自视甚高而互相孤立阻隔开来。