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Today we’re going to talk about the cost of keeping people healthy. The price of life-saving vaccines has escalated – has gone up - and some of the world’s poorer countries are struggling to immunise children –
今天我们要讨论的是人们维持健康需要花费的成本。救命疫苗的价格上涨，世界上一些贫困国家在儿童免疫的道路上举步维艰，
to immunise, in other words, to prevent children from catching diseases.
儿童免疫，换句话说，就是预防儿童感染疾病。
Yes, the organisation Medecins Sans Frontieres is criticising the pharmaceutical companies which produce the vaccines.Medecins Sans Frontieres is a well-known charity – a charity is an organisation that sets up to help and raise money for people in need. 
无国界医生组织指责生产疫苗的制药公司。该组织是一个著名的慈善组织——所谓慈善组织是为了帮助需要的人，并为他们筹款而设立的组织。
We’re going to talk about the cost of vaccines and you’ll learn some words you can use to discuss the topic yourself or to follow the news. But first, a question, Neil.
接下来我们谈谈疫苗的成本，你可以学到一些新单词，用来讨论相关的话题或阅读相关的新闻。首先，要考考你，尼尔。
Yes?
什么问题？
The first laboratory-developed vaccine was produced in 1879.The vaccine was against an animal disease called chicken cholera. Who was the scientist behind it? Was it…
1879年人们在实验室成功研制第一支疫苗。这只疫苗可以抵抗一种动物疫病，叫做鸡霍乱。请问，是哪位科学家成功研制了这支疫苗？
a) Alexander Fleming
a)亚历山大·弗莱明
b) Albert Sabin
b)阿尔伯特·沙宾
c) Louis Pasteur
c)路易·巴斯德
Well, I don’t know, but I’m going to guess. Probably not (a) because Fleming discovered penicillin.Probably not (c) because Pasteur did pasteurisation. I’m gonna go for (b).
我不知道，我猜一猜吧。应该不是(a)因为弗莱明发明了青霉素。应该也不是(c)，因为巴斯德发明的是巴氏灭菌法。那我选(b)。
Well, we’ll have the answer to that question at the end of the programme.Now, let’s talk about the controversy behind these life-saving vaccines. On one side we have a charity and on the other side, the drug companies.
好的，节目最后我们再公布正确答案。现在，我们来谈谈那些救命疫苗背后的争论。一方是慈善组织，一方是制药公司。
Which vaccines are they talking about? 
他们谈论的是什么疫苗呢？
Well, they’re talking about vaccines which prevent diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, diphtheria and polio.According to Medecins Sans Frontieres, between 2001 and 2014 there was a 68-fold increase in vaccine prices. 
他们谈论的是预防类的疫苗，例如预防结核病、麻疹、白喉和小儿麻痹。据无国界医生组织称，疫苗价格在2001到2014年间上涨了68倍。

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