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He was. Evolution means the way living things change and develop over millions of years. And a genius has great and unusual skills or abilities in a particular subject or area.Well Charles Darwin was a clever man but I happen to know that another man actually came up with the same idea, but many years before he did!
确实如此。进化是指几百万年来生物变化发展的过程。天才通常在某个领域拥有卓越非凡的能力。查尔斯达尔文非常聪明，但是我恰巧知道另一个人也同样提出了进化论，而且在达尔文之前提出了这一观点。
So how do you know that then, clever clogs – that’s someone who thinks they know everything? What was his name?
你怎么知道的呢，真是绝顶聪明！这是指什么事都知道。他叫什么名字呢？
Well, his name was Patrick Matthew.
他是帕特里克马修。
OK, well we’re going to learn more about him on today’s programme. But first can you answer this, Neil? What was Patrick Matthew’s job?Was he …a) a politician?b) a church minister?Or c) a horticulturalist?
今天的节目我们会更多的了解他。但是首先，你可以回答一个问题吗？帕特里克马修是做什么的？a) 政客？b) 牧师?c) 园艺家?
Well, I don’t know so I’ll go for the most profession that sounds most interesting - a horticulturalist, so I’ll choose that one! That’s a person who studies plants.
我不知道，但是园艺家听起来很专业，很有趣，我选那个。园艺家是指研究植物的人。
OK. We’ll find out later whether you are right or wrong.But let’s listen now to Dr Mike Weale talking about Patrick Matthew. Can you hear the word he uses to mean ’change-making’?
好的。之后我们再看你回答得是否正确。我们听听Mike Weale是如何谈论帕特里克马修的。他用了什么词来描述“变化”？
He published a brief outline of the idea of species being able to change into other species through natural selection– this great, transformative idea that unites us all in a single tree of life. And he did that 27 years before Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace did so.And they recognized that he did so but other people since then have simplified the story and tended to concentrate just on Darwin.
他提出了简单的理论框架：一个物种经由自然选择变成另一物种。这种伟大的变化的观点将所有物种联系到一颗生命树上。他比达尔文和华莱士早27年提出这一观点。他们承认马修最早提出进化观点。但是其他人简单地略去这一点，单纯认为达尔文是提出进化论的第一人。
So, Matthew believed that evolution happened by natural selection. And natural selection describes the way that plants and animals adapt to their environment, because some individuals survive and reproduce, and others don’t.
所以马修认为进化是通过自然选择进行的。自然选择是指动植物适应环境的方式，因为一些个体可以存活繁殖，另一些则走向灭亡。
And adapt means the way our bodies or our behaviour change to suit new conditions.
适应是指我们的身体或行为发生改变得以在新环境中存活。
And what does Mike mean by ‘a single tree of life’?
Mike所说的“一个生命树”是指什么呢？
Well, the basic idea behind evolution is that all the different species – or types of living thing – have evolved from the same simple life form. Just like a family tree describes how the members of your family are related to each other, so the ‘tree of life’ describes how all living things are related.
进化最基本的观点是所有不同的物种都是由同一简单生命形式进化而来。像是家族树，显示着家庭成员之间的相互关系。所以“生命树”表现了所有生物都是互相联系的。

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