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Slang does have a bad reputation and I would say this comes from its earliest collection, which was of criminal slang in the 1500s in the 16th century, and it was associated with bad people, and inevitably that has lingered.But now in the last 40 or 50 years it’s changed.The definitions tend to stress different and jocular, funny, humorous, inventive, that kind of thing.
俚语的名声确实不好，最早的字典中，俚语是15世纪16世纪罪犯使用的，总是跟坏人联系在一起，不可避免地俚语的坏名声一直都在。但最近四五十年里，俚语发生了变化。俚语的定义着重于不同的，打趣的，有意思的，幽默的，独出心裁的这类语言。
So we have records of 16th Century slang in collections – or dictionaries.Words used by criminals as a code so they could talk without being understood.And this bad reputation has lingered – or been slow to disappear.
所以我们已经在字典里收录了16世纪的俚语。那时俚语通常是罪犯使用的，使得他们不会被听懂。所以俚语不好的名声也就一直存在着。
But for the last 50 years we’ve been using slang to be funny and creative as well as to show belonging to a particular group. And apparently we’re very creative when talking about drinking and being drunk. The slang word booze – meaning alcohol – comes from the 13th Century Dutch word, busen.
但近50年，我们使用俚语，将其作为幽默有创造力的表现，同时属于特殊群体。很显然我们在谈到喝酒，喝醉时很有创造力。俚语中 booze是指酒精，来自13世纪的荷兰语busen。
And there are hundreds of slang expressions to talk about drink and being drunk:on the sauce, in your cups, half cut, hammered, squiffy, tipsy, wasted, legless, and many many more that are far too rude to mention in this programme.
有成百上千个关于喝酒喝醉的俚语表达。如大量喝酒, 喝醉, 酩酊大醉,大醉的,微醉的, 喝醉的, 喝光, 醉醺醺的。还有很多很粗鲁的表达，无法在节目中提及。
Yes. So, while these terms might not be strictly acceptable – or appropriate in formal contexts they aren’t offensive,they are often amusing and help people bond in social groups.
没错，这些词可能不被接受，在正式场合下不适用，带有冒犯性，他们通常用于娱乐大众，帮助人们融入社会群体。
By contrast, swear words or profanity – means rude language that offends or upsets people.And I’m not going to give any examples because that would be inappropriate and impolite, Alice.
相反，脏话，亵渎的语言通常会冒犯别人。我就不举例子了，因为不太适合，太不礼貌了。
OK, let’s listen now to Jonathan Green and presenter Michael Rosen talking about jargon – another type of in-group language.
好的，我们听听 Jonathan Green以及主持人Michael Rosen谈论术语，这是另一种群体语言。
Jargon is what I would call is small o occupational, small p professional.It’s closed off environments.You get legal jargon, you get naval jargon,I‘ve been reading Patrick O Brien recently and that‘s awash with futtock plates and fiddying the decks.
术语是指职业的，专业的语言。是在相对封闭环境中使用的语言。有法律术语，有海军术语。我最近在读Patrick O Brien的书，里面充斥着内龙骨翼板，甲板。
This is radio 4 Jonathan, be careful!

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