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       切割结构是一种修辞手法，在英语语句中，特别是在书面语中，比较常见。切割结构就是指把英语语句中本来归于一个全体的语句成分切割开，一部分留在语句的本来方位，另一部分远离本来方位。

　　如：The best books are treasuries of good words,the golden thoughts,which,remembered and cherished,become our constant companions and comforters. 不难看出which become our constant companions and comforters原本是一个全体，被用作状语的曩昔分词remembered and cherished切割开。常见的切割结构方法有同位语或同位语从句与先行词的切割，定语或and定语从句与先行词的切割，主语与谓语的切割，谓语与宾语的切割。运用切割结构的意图是使语句结构平衡，防止虎头蛇尾，或许为了使表达的主题思想愈加杰出夺目，读起来更通畅流畅。切割结构的存在说明晰英语在结构方法和表达办法上的生动性和灵活性，但也形成了语句结构的扑朔迷离。关于切割结构，只要从结构上和语意上澄清它才干防止了解上的过错，英译汉时要把本来归于一个全体部分的含义译出。

　　如：An unusual present was given to him for his birthday,a book on ethics.过生日的时分他得到了一件不寻常的礼物——一本关于伦理道德的书。（present 和a book被分隔）

　　再如：After Galileo's work the feeling grew that there were universal laws governing the motion of bodies and that these laws might apply to motion in the heavens as well as on earth.在伽利略作品之后，这样的知道加强了，即以为存在着分配物体运动的普遍规则，这些规则不只分配着地球上的也分配着天体上的物体的运动。（the feeling和 that从句被分隔）

　　此外，还有定语（或定语从句）与其间心词被分隔，某些词语与其所要求的介词被分隔，动词与其宾语被分隔，介词与其宾语被分隔等。总归，英语的分隔应遵从尾重准则（应当把长而杂乱的成分放在句末，然后使结构平衡匀称，以防止主语部分太长，谓语部分太短）和句尾信息焦点准则（把新信息，即语义关键放在语句结尾）。阅读时要注意把本来归于一个全体的各部分找出来。

　　1. Such a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is endangering the survival of mankind.

　　第一层：Such a viewpoint,主 particularly prominent in the developing 定 countries,is 系 reinforced 表 by the widely-held belief 状 that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear energy that is end- 同位语从句 angering the survival of mankind.

　　第二层：（同位语从句）that 引 it 形主 is not 系 the peaceful application 着重主语 of nuclear energy 定 that 引 is endangering 谓 the survival 宾 of mankind. 定

　　关键 本句骨干为Such a viewpoint…… is reinforced by the widely-held belief；形容词短语particularly prominent in the developing countries，作为插入语润饰viewpoint，将主语和谓语分隔开来；介词短语by the widely-held belief是被动语态reinforced的行为主体；that it is……mankind是belief的同位语从句，这儿还含有一个着重句式，即it is not the peaceful application……that is endangering……。

　　译文 这种在发展中国家显得尤为杰出的观念被一种广泛持有的信仰所加强，即并非和平利用核能正危害着人类的生计。

　　2. No girl should marry a man whose last name has the same initial as hers,for,as the rhyme goes,Change the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.

　　第一层：No girl 主 should marry 谓 a man 宾 whose last name has the same initial as hers,定语从句 for,as the rhyme goes,Change 状语从句 the name but not the letter,marry for worse instead of better.

　　第二层：（定语从句）whose 引 last name 主 has 谓 the same initial 宾 as hers 定

　　（状语从句）for,引 as the rhyme goes,状 Change 谓 the name 宾 but 连 not the letter,宾 marry 谓 for worse instead of better.状

　　关键 这是个主从复合句。for是连接词，引导状语从句。as the rhyme goes是插入语，插在for和它引导的从句之间，形成for和它引导的从句的分离，翻译时，可译成一个主谓结构。

　　译文 姑娘不应嫁给与自己的姓的首字母相同的人，由于正如一首童谣所说：改姓不改首字母，婚后必将受其苦。

　　3. Nor,if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect,is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well with the team.

　　关键 否定词nor放在句首时，主谓倒装。is放到了主语management前。一起，if引导的条件状语从句置于nor与语句的其他成分之间，形成了语句的分裂状况。条件状语从句中as desirable…… as the writing……可视为同级比较结构。句中who引导的定语从句润饰先行词thinkers，可选用合译的办法翻译。be blamed for为固定短语，意为“因…而受责备”。in favor of ……在句中做状语。

　　译文 假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们希望看到与某种规范形式契合的规则性和一致性。那么，假如管理者们轻视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于协作的较惯例思想的人，这也是无可责备的。

       4. I have discovered,as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress,that abandoning the doctrine of juggling your life,and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.

　　关键 本句中as perhaps Kelsey will……引导的方法状语从句放到了主句的谓语动词discovered与that引导的宾语从句之间，然后形成动宾之间的切割。as引导的从句中省掉了谓语动词discover,是为了防止重复。宾语从句中主语为abandoning……and making……并排的动名词短语；谓语为bring sth with sth结构，仅仅因宾语过长，而把with短语提前了。

　　译文 我发觉，放弃那种“日夜操劳的日子”信仰而挑选“怠慢日子的节奏”会带来比金钱和社会地位更大的报答。凯尔西在长时间饱尝巨大压力后，从惹人注意图《女人》杂志编辑部退出之后，恐怕她也将与我有相同的感觉。

　　5. Such an outcome,if it happens,could cause a political controversy;or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances,namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.

　　关键 这是个复合句。条件从句由于太短，置于主句的主谓之间，形成语句分裂，翻译时应将从句说到句首。namely when the……unpopular是一个状语从句，用来解说the worst possible circumstances.the EU:the European Union,欧盟。

　　译文 这种结果一旦发生，就可能引起政治上的争持；在最糟糕的状况下，即在欧盟很不得人心的时分，也可能使更多的权力落到欧盟手中。

　　6. That fact,let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four,led by Britain,that have not joined,is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity,with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.

　　关键 语句的骨干结构是That fact…… is likely to mean that……。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是“with +复合结构”方法，表明随同状况。短语let alone……not joined置于主谓之间，形成语句分裂，翻译时应将其复原，放在最后。分词短语led by Britain和定语从句that have not joined都润饰the four.euro：欧元。multi-：前缀，表明“多…的”，如mutilateral，多边的：multiple，多个的。

　　译文 这一现实可能意味着欧盟将成为一个多系统的实体，其间一些国家对每一件事都表明附和，而另一些则不尽然；更不用说以英国为首的没有参加欧洲一致钱银系统的四国和现已 参加这一系统的十一个欧元国家之间现在已存在的不合了。

       7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

　　关键 该句的骨干结构是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引导定语从句，润饰the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位语从句，在该从句中，主语是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定语从句。该定语从句放在其先行词 demands和of介词短语之间，形成语句的分裂。翻译时，可把被分裂的部分复原。

　　译文 这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间，其时一些国家的政府得出这样的定论：政府要向科研机构提出的具体要求通常是无法详尽预见的。

　　8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

　　关键 整个of短语作observations的定语，相当于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.由于定语太长，所以将其置于动词之后，以防止语句虎头蛇尾。这样就形成了语句的分裂，翻译时应将被分裂的部分复原。preschool：学前的。

　　译文 人们对孩子们在学前班和小学一年级开始时和结束时的状况都曾进行过调查。

　　9. Whether to use tests,other kinds of information,or both in a particular situation depends,therefore,upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.

　　关键 这是一个简单句。Whether to……situation是本句的主语，depends是谓语动词，两个upon后面是宾语。availability在句中是指“测验和信息简单得到或找到”。therefore是副词，插在depends 和upon……之间，形成它们在结构上的分裂。翻译时，可把therefore说到句首。

　　译文 因而，究竟是选用测验仍是其他品种的信息，或是在某一特定状况下两者并用，须凭从有关相对效度的经历中得出的依据而定，也取决于比如费用和有无选用的可能性等要素。

　　10. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all,preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

　　关键 该句的骨干结构是I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of having it all……into a woman……。preached by……magazine是曩昔分词短语，作the philosophy of having it all的定语，插在from……into之中，形成了语句的分裂。翻译时，可把分词短语译成一个分句，其他照原文次序翻译。

　　译文 我从一个“竭尽全力”的日子哲学——在曩昔七年里林达·凯尔西一直在《女人》杂志宣扬这种日子方法——的活跃倡导者，一改而成为随遇而安的女人。