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　   81. Not only are liver transplants never rejected，but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin,from that donor are accepted permanently. 可是，咱们现已发现，在许多种老鼠之间，这些移植法的"惯例"并没有被肝脏移植物所遵从。肝脏移植物非但从没遭到过排挤，乃至还诱发了一种供者特异性无应答状况（donor-specific unresponsiveness），在此状况中，随后来自那个供者其它器官的移植物，如皮肤，会永久地被承受。

　　82. As rock interface are crossed, the elastic characteristics encountered (by seismic waves)generally change abruptly, which causes part of the energy to be reflected back to the surface, where it is recorded by seismic instruments. 当岩石界面被穿过的时分，震波所遇到的弹性性质通常会发作俄然的改变，这就使得一部分能量被反射回地上，在地上反射回来的波被震波纪录仪记录下来。

　　83. While the new doctrine seems almost certainly correct，the one papyrus fragment raises the specter that another may be unearthed，showing，for instance，that it was a posthumous production of the Danaid tetralogy which bested Sophocles,and throwing the date once more into utter confusion. 数据资料已被统计出来，或被从头统计出来，以便证明在文体学这方面，《讨援衰女》实践上确真实《波斯人》和《七雄攻忒拜》（后两者现在则变成了"原始"的剧作）之后以及在轴残片却唤起了一种鬼魂似的疑虑，即另一块残片有可能再度被挖掘出来，并证明，比如说，《讨援衰女》是作者藉以打败索福克勒斯的《达那特四部曲》的一部身后出书之作，从而将创作时代再度置于极度的紊乱之中. 注：best:打败,=defeat, overcome, outdo

　　84. The methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the cultural legacy that that community perceives as essential. 一个社会所创造出来藉以使其本身生生不息、恒久不衰的方法得以构成发作，以保存在这个社会看来具有本质意义的文化遗产的各个方面。

　　85. Traditionally, pollination by wind has been viewed as a reproductive process marked by random events in which the vagaries of the wind are compensated for by the generation of vast quantities of pollen, so that the ultimate production of new seeds is assured at the expense of producing much more pollen than is actually used. 传统上，风媒传粉被看成是这样的繁衍进程：其特征就是由一些随即事情的发作，在这些随机事情里，风的反复无常被很多的发作花粉所补偿，以至于新种子的最终发作被保证了，其价值是发作远远多于实践使用量的花粉。

　　86. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous，wind pollinated plants have，in the view above，compensated for the ensuing loss of pollen through happenstance by virtue of producing an amount of pollen that is one to three orders of magnitude greater than the amount produced by species pollinated by insects. 因为花粉粒在其长距离的运输进程中所要面对的潜在危险是巨大的，按上述观念来看，由风授粉的植物补偿了通过偶发事情而随同构成的花粉损失。其途径是，制作出大于昆虫授粉的植物品种所发作的花粉量的一至三个数量级的花粉量。

　　87. For example，the spiral arrangement of scale-bract complexes on ovule-bearing pine cones，where the female reproductive organs of conifers are located，is important to the production of airflow patterns that spiral over the cone's surfaces，thereby passing airborne pollen from one scale to the next. 例如，带有胚珠的松球的鳞苞综合体的螺旋状安排，亦即松柏目植物雌性殖器官的所在位置，关于气流模式的构成与发作殊为重要，而这些气流模式在松球的体现回旋扭转上升，从而把在空气中飞行的花粉从一个鳞苞传达至下一个鳞苞。

　　88. Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the "social, legal, and economic subordination" of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole female sex into public industry". FE,却猜测妇女们将被从家庭的"社会、法令和经济压迫"中解放出来，仅仅通过使得征召"整个女人阶级进入公共的工业中去"成为可能的技术前进的方法做到的。

　　89. It was not the change in office technology,but rather the separation of secretarial work,previously seen as an apprenticeship for beginning managers，from administrative work that in the 1880's created a new class of "dead-end" jobs，thenceforth considered "women's work." 十九世纪八十时代，发作了新的一类"没前途"的工作，这并不是因为办公室技术发作了改变，而是因为秘书工作--在此之前被视作是初起步的司理们的一种习见练习--与行政工作的别离。自此以后，这类"没前途"的工作便被视作是"女人的工作。"

　　90. The increase in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century had less to do with the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for these women than it did with their own economic necessity and with high marriage rates that shrank the available pool of single women workers, previously, in many cases, the only women employers would hire. 二十世纪已婚妇女在家庭以外工作的人数不断添加，这与家务的机械化及这些妇女空闲时刻的添加并无多大联络，更多地是与妇女本身的经济需求和高婚姻率相关。高婚姻率致使所能雇佣的独身女工的总量减缩，而在此之前的许多景象中，独身女人则是雇主们所愿雇佣的仅有-一类妇女。 The pool of 假如后边跟着一群人，则表明劳动力资源。

       91. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the time. 请考虑:假如文中说这句话的条件是：all population are driven by two (and only two) categories of growth parameters, one is density-independent factors, and the other is density-independent factors. 那么作者说上面的这句话有什么意图。解说：本句虽然貌不惊人，但本书既然将其录入进来，并标出难度5，就意味着其中有奇怪之处。值得一提的是，本文前面曾把操控种群密度的要素分为两种，一种叫做density-dependent factors(这儿简称d-d要素)，另一种叫做dentsity-independent factors(简称d-I要素)。原文的直译虽然好懂，可是总令人感觉说得不甚了解。明显，GRE或GMAT的作者不可能随意说一句无关痛痒的话，那么没有任何种群能够在一切的时刻全被d-I要素所操控，其真实意思是什么呢？就是：全部种群都必然在某个时刻内遭到d-d要素的操控。本句是ETS在考试中惯用的正话反说的典型例子，请读者深重领会。本句在文章中也是了解作者情绪的关键所在。

　　92. In order to understand the nature of the ecologist's investigation，we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the "signal" ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret，one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones，while the density-independent effects act to produce "noise" in the population dynamics. 为了能了解生态学家们所从事的研讨的性质，咱们能够把那些作用于增加参数的密度依靠效应视作生态学家们力求将其别离并予以解说的"信号"，正是这一信号倾向于使种群从相对较低的数值递加，或从相对较高的数值递减；而与此同时，那些密度独立效应起到的作用则构成了种群动态改变中的"噪音"。

　　93. But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois' famous，well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity，or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. 但该剧有关黑人自负可与人类联合相交融这一杂乱观念，一点点都不比杜波伊斯（Du Bois）的抱负或法侬（Fanon）的着重来得更为"对立"：杜波伊斯提出的闻名的、深思熟虑的抱负是，民族的自觉能够和人类大同共存；法侬则对抱负的国际主义进行了着重，而这一抱负的国际主义相同也能兼容民族身份与人物。

　　94. In which of the following does the author of the passage reinforce his criticism of responses such as Isaacs' to Raisin in the Sun? 在以下哪一个选项中，文章的作者加强了她对类似这样的关于《》做出的反应的批判呢？

　　95. Inheritors of some of the viewpoints of early twentieth-century Progressive historians such as Beard and Becker，these recent historians have put forward arguments that deserve evaluation. 作为二十世纪前期"前进派"史学家（如Beard和Becker）等人某些观念的继承者，这些近期的史学家所提出的观念值得咱们予以评价。

　　96. Despite these vague categories，one should not claim unequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. 虽然存在这些含糊领域，但咱们不应该决然宣称，在各个易于辨认出的阶级之间所存在的敌对情绪就无法被合理地观察到。

　　97. Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists cannot fully understand that consensus without understanding the conflicts that had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it. 但是，有些史学家着重在殖民者之间曾呈现过一种遍及的一致意见。这些史学家假如不认识到各种对立的存在，就无法充分地了解这种一致意见，而一切那些对立只要在被战胜或限制之后才有可能取得那种一致意见。 It 指代：general consensus

　　98. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements regarding socioeconomic class and support for the rebel and Loyalist causes during the American Revolutionary War？ 从文章中能够推断出来，作者最有可能同意以下哪一个关于在美国革命战争中的社会经济各阶级及其对叛党和保王党的支撑的陈说？

　　99. She wished to discard the traditional methods and established vocabularies of such dance forms as ballet and to explore the internal sources of human expressiveness. 她期望扔掉传统的方法和像芭蕾舞这样现已建立的舞蹈言语，而期望探究人类体现力的内涵源泉。

　　100. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufactures and servicing trades thought their customers wanted，only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. 虽然有可能从实践制作的产品和效劳中可推知制作商和效劳业以为他们的顾客所需求的是什么，但只要对由实践顾客编撰的相关的个人文件进行一番研讨，方能提供一幅精确的图像，藉以阐明"什么样的人"需求什么样的东西。