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　1. The best estimates are that the temperatures will rise y 2-3℃ in thiscentury, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US $5,000billion.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)

　　分析：本句主句为“The best estimates are that…”; “that the temperatures will rise y2-3℃ in this century, causing considerable problems, at a total cost of US$5,000 billion.”为that引导的表语从句，做are的表语; “causing considerableproblems”为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

　　2. Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done about sucha costly problem, economic analysis clearly show it will be far more expensiveto cut carbon dioxide emissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation tothe increased temperatures.(剑5, Test 1 passage 3)

　　分析：本句中“Despite the intuition that something drastic needs to be done aboutsuch a costly problem”为介词短语作让步状语;其中“that something drastic needs to be doneabout such a costly problem”为that引导的同位语从句，做the intuition的同位语;“economic analysisclearly show it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxide emissionsradically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increasedtemperatures.”为本句的主句，其中“it will be far more expensive to cut carbon dioxideemissions radically than to pay the costs of adaptation to the increasedtemperatures.”为宾语从句，做show的宾语，引导词省略，it为形式主语，后面的不定式为真正的主语。

　　3. It is crucial that we look at the facts if we want to make the bestpossible decisions for the future. (剑5, Test 1 passage 3)

　　分析：本句主句为“It is crucial that we look at the facts”; 其中It为形式主语，“that we lookat the facts”为that引导的主语从句，是该句子真正的主语;“if we want to make the best possibledecisions for the future”为if引导的条件状语从句。

　　4. Some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candlewax, they meltwhen heated and can then be reshaped.(剑5, Test 2 passage 1)

　　分析：本句的主句为“Some are ‘thermoplastic’”; “which means that, like candlewax,they melt when heated and can then bereshaped.”为定语从句，做‘thermoplastic’的定语，关系词为which; 在此定语从句中“that, like candlewax,they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.” 为that引导的宾语从句，做means的宾语;“whenheated”为过去分词短语做状语，做they melt的时间状语。

　　5. Baekeland’s interest in plastics began in 1885 when, as a young studentin Belgium, he embarked on research into phenolic resins, the group of stickysubstances produced when phenol (carbolic acid) combines with an aldehyde (avolatile fluid similar to alcohol). (剑5, Test 2 passage 1)