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雅思写作窍门辅导
拿到一个雅思标题,很多考生都手足无措,不知怎么下手,其实在面临一个考题时准确的做法是先审题,后得出文章构造,再做Brainstorming,然后再着笔写文章。上面可称为动笔前的解题三部曲。这篇文章将为咱们介绍第二步得出文章构造的一些窍门。
从应考方面而言,在触摸一个雅思谈论文标题时,咱们必需要掌握的是文章的构造。谨慎的构造对观念的表达有事半功倍的效果。近几年的雅思谈论文考题,能够概括为两大类:评论类和剖析处理型。
I 评论类
1. Definition:
何为评论类文章,即对一个给定的观念以及与其相敌对的观念进行评论,或就一个论题的两个敌对的方面:积极和消极方面进行评论,宣告自个的观念。望文生义,评论类文章分为观念类评论和优缺陷评论。这两种谈论类型所对应的疑问形式多见的有:Do you agree or disagree, What is your opinion? To what extent do you agree or disagree?等。请看下面的列表来了解此类疑问形式。
1). Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
2). Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is necessary for the development of science. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3). The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4). Tourism is becoming a good source of revenue for many countries. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of exploring this resource.
5). In many countries, the number of elderly people is increasing fast. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?
以上五题中有对一个观念宣告自个观念的,也有给出两个观念再宣告自个观念的,也有对一个论题的两个方面进行论说的,这些都归于评论类,其间1、2、3题归于观念类评论,而4、5题为优缺陷评论。
2. 构造剖析
单边证明
了解了疑问形式后,咱们来剖析一下其所对应的文章构造。以上五种疑问形式,考生在未触摸雅思前较了解的是Do you agree or disagree?和 What is your opinion?而通常这两类疑问所对应的文章能够用以下的五段论构造来完结:导言段(introduction)提出观念,正文(body)三段经过三个理由来对观念进行证明,结尾段(conclusion)重申一下自个的观念。由于此种构造只对自个支撑的观念进行证明,因而叫单边证明,能够用下图来表明:
Introduction
Background+My Opinion
Body:
1.Reason One + Supportiong Sentences(ss表明)
2.Reason Two + SS
3.Reason Three + SS
Conclusion:
Restatement of My Opinion
上述构造中的supporting sentences在谈论文中的表现办法是一些证明办法,如举例子(exemplification),比照对照(contrast& comparison),列数据(raising figures),退让(making concession)等来对自个支撑的观念进行证明,使考官服气。而此类构造也是中国学生较了解的谈论文构造,在各类中国的考试中,如高考英语、大学四六级考试等,运用也较广。但是单边证明的缺陷,就中国学生而言,是较难拓展证明进程,并且像讲道理、举例子等证明办法有必要准确运用,显示其逻辑性才能得到高分。
双方证明
然而经过笔者的总结发现,这些年,剑5和剑6后边考官供给的高分甚至满分范文都采用了另一种证明办法,称为双方证明。双方证明根本为四段论,它与单边的最大差异在正文,正文两段分别对题干提出的两个观念或优缺陷进行证明。咱们也经过下图来知道此种构造:
Introduction
Background+ My Opinion / Layout
Body:
1. Opinion One/ Advantage
Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences
2. Opinion Two/ Disadvantage
Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Three + Supporting Sentences
Conclusion:
Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/ more disadvantages than advantages)
此类构造是双方倾向性构造,是双方构造中的一种。对大多数中国学生来说,双方构造较单边构造最大的长处是证明进程对比简单拓展。双方证明指正文两段分别论说下两个观念或优缺陷。能够做一个风趣的比喻(引自宁园教师),双方证明的构造就像是在打一场官司,导言段引出论题,能够看作是书记员来宣告审理的案子,正文两段分别是两个观念,能够理解为被告和原告的辩护律师来罗列对自个有利的证据,结尾段得出观念,即法官在总结了被告原告律师的讲话后,得出自个的答案,赞同哪一方,是不是定罪。
经过上面临单边、双方构造的介绍,考生可得出结论,上面罗列的5个疑问,1、2、3、5题可用单边证明,而这5题都能够用双方证明来写,第4题只能用双方证明,题干现已明确请求评论两个方面。
II 剖析处理型
此类疑问形式通常会给出一个论题,如juvenile delinquency,请求考生剖析发生此疑问的因素,并给出一些减轻的办法。咱们首要也来了解下此类疑问形式
1). Crime is increasing in many countries. Discuss some of the reasons for this increase and suggest some ways in which government can combat the problems.
2). Nowadays, people are facing more and more work-related stress. State the possible reasons for this phenomenon and make some recommendations about how to solve it.
3). What are some of the problems associated with the drug abuse? Give some suggestions about how to alleviate it?
4). Overpopulation of the elderly is increasinglysevere in almost every country. Analyse some reasons and state the effects on the society.
上面两题中一起呈现的两个信号词分别是reasons,suggestions,problems和effects。所以有这四个词咱们能够断定它为剖析处理型,和评论类标题有着实质的差异。它们所对应的文章构造见下图。
Introduction
Background + layout
Body
1.Reasons / Problems
Topic Sentence + Reason One / Problem One + supporting sentences
+ Reason Two / Problem Two + supporting sentences
2. Suggestions / Effects
Topic sentence + Suggestion One / Effect One + ss
+ Suggestion Two / Effect Two + ss
Conclusion:
Restatement of the Body
上述构造是剖析处理型的一种十分多见的对应构造,咱们应该问啥答啥。有时标题会呈现只问problems或reasons,构造也要相应的发生变化,即只答复几个疑问或因素。
得出文章的构造是解题的根底和要害,但事实上,在考试进程中,由于时刻很紧,花在得出构造的时刻就应该相应的缩短,朗阁海外考试研究中心的教师的主张是考生在拿到一个标题审题后,应该在二十秒左右的时刻内就反应出文章的构造。考生可经过上述构造自个再考前预备模板,这对提高解题速度有很大的协助。
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