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        1.如果and前后连接的是单词的话，那么这两个词很有可能是“类别一致”(多为前后是名词的情况)或“方向一致”(多为前后是动词、形容词或副词的情况)，如：

　　AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one - such as building muscle strength in golfers - to others, such as swimming and squash. (squash和swimming为并列关系，可以推测squash是一项运动，此为“类别一致”)

　　Researchers, now analysing the results of data gathered in 1994, say arthritis, high blood pressure and circulation problems - the major medical complaints in this age group - are troubling a smaller proportion every year. (arthritis, high blood pressure 和 circulation problems为并列关系，可以推测arthritis是一种疾病，此为“类别一致”)

　　The prospects for energy from tidal currents are far better than from wind because the flows of water are predictable and constant. (predictable 和 constant意思接近，方向一致)

　　The continuous and reckless use of synthetic chemicals for the control of pests which pose a threat to agricultural crops and human health is proving to be counter-productive. (continuous和 reckless在此都有否定方向性)

　　很多年前，老师读到过一篇介绍阿姆斯特朗的文章，里面有一个用法，至今印象深刻：

　　However, everything changed dramatically and drastically in October of 1996, shortly after his 25th birthday. (dramatically 和drastically在此含义近似，方向一致;叠加使用表示强调，这在英文中是一种修辞手法，叫押头韵——首字母发音相同，词性相同的两个词连用，一般表示强调)

　　2.or也有这样的用法，但是相对的，or更加接近“含义近似”:

　　The water in the irrigation canals is still or very slow-moving and thus cannot carry sediment, Stanley explains. (still和 slow-moving含义近似)

　　Even more impressively, DNA analysis of the fungi suggests that the ants improve or modify the fungi by regularly swapping and sharing strains with neighbouring ant colonies. (improve和modify含义近似)

　　The sense of smell, or olfaction, is powerful. (The sense of smell和olfaction含义近似)

　　3.另外一些表达并列关系的词或短语，当前后在说两件并列的事时，也会用不同的词来表达近似的含义：

　　Apart from engendering widespread ecological disorders, pesticides have contributed to the emergence of a new breed of chemical-resistant, highly lethal superbugs.

　　此处apart from体现前后两件事为并列关系(Apart from A, B …意思是“除了A, B还怎么怎么样”，用法类似于in addition to)，engender和emergence虽然词性不同，但是含义接近。

　　大家应该可以看得出来，当并列关系词出现的时候，我们经常可以用这种用法来进行猜词，如果我们认识其中一个单词，那么可以依靠这个单词猜测另外一个单词的类别或者方向性。雅思阅读很多时候并不要求我们了解每一个单词的含义，我们只要大概知道近似含义或作者想表达的方向性、保证阅读能够顺利进行下去即可。

　　今天我们主要看了并列关系词在阅读中“猜词”这样一个作用，下一次我们会讲解并列关系词在长难句中的作用。