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      sth. be an arduous process

　　某事是一个需求支付艰苦尽力的进程

　　可替换：sth. is an exhausting thing to do

　　Attending a university with a top-tier reputation often is an arduous but rewarding process.

　　考入一所名牌大学通常是一次需求支付艰苦尽力但报答也同样丰厚的进程。

　　1. be very rewarding

　　有报答的

　　Teaching can be a very rewarding career. It allows teachers to have an input in the development of young lives.

　　教育是一项报答丰厚的作业。 教师们能够在教育的进程中，用自己的尽力去培养孩子们的成长。

　　2. someone's aspiration / pursuit

　　愿望，寻求(替换dream)

　　The educational aspirations/pursuits of rural youth tend to be different from those of students living elsewhere.

　　相比其他地方的孩子，农村孩子 在教育上的寻求与巴望是大不相同的。

　　concentrate on sth.

　　集中精力于某事

　　Some people think it is more effective to educate boys and girls in single-sex schools because they believe this environment reduces distractions and encourage pupils to concentrate on their studies.

　　一些人以为在男 校或女校教育孩子更为有用，因为单一性别的环境能够减少搅扰并 鼓励孩子们集中精力地学习。(剑8例句)

　　1. form the basis of sth.

　　为某事物打下基础

　　Traditional ways of teaching form the basis of the lesson.

　　传统的教育方法构成授课的基础。(剑8例句)

　　use lateral thinking

　　鼓励发散型思想

　　可替换：think in a creative way

　　Using lateral thinking, the students can solve problems in an unconventional manner (不走寻常路的方法)now.

　　经过利用发散式思想，学生们能够用不走寻常路的方法来解决问题。

　　1. rely on linear thinking

　　依赖于直线型的思想;受到思想的限制

　　The students should not rely on linear thinking habits. Instead, they should think more innovatively.

　　学生们不该受到线性思想惯性的捆绑，而相反地，他们应该更多地去创造性考虑。

　　2. break the mould

　　打破常规

　　He made an attempt to break the mould of British politics.

　　他对打破英国政坛原封不动的局势做出了一次测验。

　　academic performance

　　学业体现

　　可替换：grades

　　Tyler’s academic performance has been disappointing.

　　泰勒的学习体现非常令人绝望。

　　1. academic qualifications

　　学历

　　Today academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.

　　学历证书在当今对找到一份面子的作业有着至关重要的作用。

　　2. standardised test

　　标准化考试(一起试题并且有标准答案的考试)

　　High scores on standardised tests are not necessarily the best indicator of giftedness (有天分).

　　一论理学生在标准化考试中拿到高分并非就 必定意味着他具有很高的天分。

　　Lessons last for a standardised 50 minutes and are always followed by a 10-minute break, which gives the pupils a chance to let off steam.

　　每堂课的长度都是标准化的50分钟，并且课间均有10分钟的休息， 能够给学生们时机去释放压力。(剑8例句)

　　3. be gifted / be talented

　　有天分的

　　In the process of being educated we can learn from the achievements of those more gifted than ourselves.

　　在接受教育的进程中咱们能够从比咱们更有天賦的人们所取得的成果中学习。(剑8例句)

　　rote memorisation

　　重复记忆，机械记忆

　　可替换：remember sth. mechanically

　　Rote memorisation is not entirely useless. It can help children to learn the basics such as the multiplication tables.

　　死记硬背并非是一无可取的。它能够协助孩子牢记住像乘法表这样的基础常识。

　　learn sth. by heart

　　熟记某种常识

　　The view of repetitively boring lessons and learning the facts by heart may be unfair and unjustified.

　　以为这些学校中的教育重复枯燥并且死记硬背 的看法也许是不公正的。(剑8例句)

　　read extensively

　　广泛地阅览

　　Some people argue that examinations do not motivate students to read extensively.

　　一些人以为考试并没有刺激到学生去广泛地阅览。

　　.

　　1. induce cramming

　　导致考前突击

　　It concerns some parents that these examinations may induce cramming.

　　一些家长担心这些考试会导致学生们在考前突击

　　2. ignorance

　　缺乏关于某科目的了解，对某科目的无知

　　No one minds mistakes or ignorance as long as you are prepared to learn from them.

　　没有人会介意犯错误或无知，只要你准备好去从中学习或 吸取教训。(剑8例句)

　　standard of upright conduct

　　行为准则

　　可替换：to judge what is right and wrong

　　At school students should be taught respect for the rights of others and standards of upright conduct.

　　学生在学校应养成尊重他人权力、遵守杰出行为规范的好习惯。

　　1. students ‘autonomy

　　学生的自我管理

　　Students’ autonomy should be encouraged when there are not enough teachers to go around.

　　当师资缺少时，校方应发起学生的自我管理。

　　2. self-discipline

　　克己力

　　Lydia lacks self-discipline and is unable to finish anything.

　　莉迪亚缺乏克己才能，导致她什么也完不成。

　　role model

　　典范

　　My elder brother has always been a role model for me.

　　我哥哥一直是我心中的典范。

　　set a good example

　　为別人建立典范

　　His dad was always telling him to set a good example for his younger brother.

　　他的父亲总是告诉他要给弟弟建立一个好典范。

　　meet someone's expectations

　　到达或人的希望

　　His academic performance failed to meet his parents’ expectations.

　　他的学习成果没有到达她爸爸妈妈的希望。

　　1. fall short of someone's expectations

　　未能到达或人的希望

　　Jamie kept falling short of my expectations.

　　吉米总是让我绝望。

　　2. cannot be guaranteed success

　　(某事物)未必必定会成功或许有用

　　So far no teaching methods can be guaranteed success.

　　目前为止没有任何一种教育方法能包治百病

　　cover a lot of ground

　　(在课程或科目中)覆盖了很广泛的范畴

　　可替换：learn a great amount of information in a class

　　We’ve covered a lot of ground in this class in the past couple of months.

　　咱们在曩昔几个月里广泛学习了这门课中的各种常识。

　　1. be well-rounded

　　(或人)爱好和阅历都很广泛的

　　She’s a well-rounded person who not only works hard but also has a varied social life.

　　她是一个文武双全的人，不只在作业中仔细尽力，在业余生活中也有着广泛的爱好与阅历。

　　2. comprehensive coverage of sth.

　　广泛触及某方面的常识

　　The impression is that the logical nature of the textbooks and their comprehensive coverage of different types of examples renders work sheets unnecessary.

　　给人的印象是教材的逻辑性和所举实例的广泛性让课堂练习簿变得不再必要。

　　self-paced learning / education

　　学生能够自己控制进展的学习

　　可替换study at one's own speed

　　Self-paced distance learning offers students convenience and flexibility.

　　学生能够自己控制进展的长途学习方法 给了学生们更多的便捷和灵活性。

　　core curriculum

　　核心课程

　　The core curriculum provide the necessary general education for students, irrespective of their fields of interest.

　　核心课程为学生 供给了无论其兴趣爱好，每个人都必须把握的最基础的教育。

　　the aims of education

　　教育的方针

　　The aims of education should not be restricted to the development of knowledge or skill.

　　教育的方针不该只限制于学习常识或技能。

　　1. academic attainment

　　学生在学业方面取得的成果

　　Japan has a significantly better record in terms of average mathematical attainment than England and Wales.

　　日本学生在平均算数成果方面显着 高于英格兰和威尔士的学生。(剑8例句)

　　2. specialise in sth.

　　专攻某个范畴

　　Grant Freeman，a biologist who specialises in identifying insects, has come to talk to us about his current research work.

　　格兰特.弗里曼，一个昆虫识别方面的专家，来向咱们介绍他目前的研究作业。

　　3.extra-curricular activities

　　课外活动

　　These extra-curricular activities offer students an outlet for creativity and problem-solving.

　　这些课外活动给了学生们一个发挥自己创作力和问题解决才能的窗口。

　　promote equality

　　促进(学生之间的)相等

　　Some people believe that uniforms can promote equality and encourage better behaviour at school.

　　有人以为一起校服会增进校园内的相等与和谐。

　　repress individuality

　　压制特性

　　School uniforms may repress individuality and deny students the freedom of choice.

　　一起校服或许会压制学生特性的体现并剥夺了他们自由挑选的权力。

　　co-education

　　男女合校的教育

　　Some people believe that co-education can make children feel more comfortable in the company of the opposite sex.

　　有人以为男女混校的教育模式能让孩子们在未来作业中面临异性时更加天然。

　　1. a single sex school

　　男校或女校

　　Some people argue that single sex schools impose abnormal conditions upon children.

　　有人以为单独莫式会对孩子产生不良的影响。

　　2. mixed-ability class

　　各层次学习才能的学生在一起上课的班级

　　It is remarkable that large mixed-ability classes could be kept together for maths throughout all their compulsory schooling.

　　值得一提的是在整个义务教育阶段具有不同层次才能的学生们都能够一起学习数学。 (剑8 例句)

　　3. distinguish sb. /sth. from

　　区分人或事物之间的差异

　　Importantly，our commonly held feelings can help distinguish us from other cultures.

　　重要的是，咱们互相一起具有的情感能协助咱们从其他的文明中将自己分辨出来。

　　anti-social behaviour

　　对他人和社会有负面影响的行为

　　可替换：harmful behaviour

　　Even though the great majority of students are well-behaved, there is a small minority that engage in anti-social behaviour.

　　尽管绝大部分的学生都体现杰出，但也有一小部分人体现出了反社会的行为。

　　be well-behaved

　　行为得体的

　　Apart from a very small minority, the students are well-behaved.

　　除了极个别人，大部分学生都体现杰出。

　　adolescence

　　芳华期

　　The book deals with the joys and sorrows of adolescence.

　　这本书叙述了伴着芳华时光所到来的香甜与忧伤。

　　1. a healthy/positive outlook on life

　　健康/积极的人生态度

　　A healthy outlook on life can help students to succeed both academically and socially.

　　具有一个健康的人生态度能协助学生在学业和社会上都取得成功。

　　2. well-adjusted adults

　　能够很好地适应社会生活的成年人

　　Educators should ensure that today’s students will become productive and well-adjusted adults of tomorrow.

　　教育者应该确保让今日的学生成为明日多产且可塑性强的社会栋梁。

　　drop out of school

　　停学

　　In this country, each year many students are forced to drop out of school.

　　在这个国家中，每年都有许多学生被迫退学。

　　skip school

　　逃学

　　Some students skip school because they dislike the material taught in class.

　　一些学生因为不喜爱课堂上所教的内容而逃课。

　　come of age

　　成年

　　可替换：become an adult

　　In some countries，to come of age means to reach the age when someone is legally recognized as an adult and is legally responsible for his/her own behaviour.

　　在一些国家中，成年意味着该人在法律上将被视为成人，并要对自己的行为负法律职责。　

       Be bilingual

　　双语的

　　Donna appreciates she had the chance to be bilingual

　　Donna很感谢她取得了能学会两种言语的时机。(剑8例句)

　　be monolingual

　　单一语种的

　　Experts believe that people who speak two languages have a clear learning advantage over their monolingual schoolmates.

　　专家们信任会说两种言语的学生相比单一语种的学生具有显着的学习优势。

　　slack off

　　学习或作业不尽力，松懈

　　It’s about time you stopped slacking off and did some work.

　　现在到了收心好好作业的时分了。(It’s about time...“或人早该怎样”这个句型后的从句中通常运用曩昔时)

　　apply oneself

　　尽力去做某事(注意在这个句型中apply并不是“申请”的意思)

　　I’m sure you can solve the problem if you apply yoursel.

　　我信任如果你尽力去做的话肯定能克服那个难题。

　　disruptive students

　　不遵守纪律的学生

　　His teacher described him as a disruptive student other children.

　　他的教师把他形容为一个总是搅扰其他人的不守纪律的学生。

　　1. unruly students

　　不听话的学生

　　Megan had an unruly class of adolescents (青少年)on Thursday.

　　在星期四的课要面临一整班不听话的孩子。

　　2. act up

　　狡猾，不听话

　　Ricky sometimes likes to act up in class.

　　瑞奇时不时地喜爱在课堂上狡猾。

　　3. indiscipline

　　不遵守纪律或规定

　　The coach apologised for his team’s indiscipline

　　教练就他的队伍缺乏纪律的行为道了歉。

　　meet the demand of...

　　满意某种需求

　　Economic globalization requires more culturally-competent university graduates who can meet the new market demands.

　　为满意经济全球化的需求，商场对识有文明的大学毕 业生有着越来越大的需求。

　　1. be geared to sth.

　　与某种需求一起，契合某种需求

　　Education should be geared to the students’ needs and abilities.

　　教育应根据学生的需求与才能量体裁衣。

　　2.inform sb. about sth.

　　让或人了解到某方面的信息

　　Studying geography informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environment and the people who live there.

　　学习地理能够让咱们了解到特定的环境与其中所生活的人类间的各种关失系。(剑8 例句)

　　put theory into practice

　　把理论运用到实践中去

　　The workshop helps students to put theory into practice. They can test their ideas or plans for practical applications there.

　　研讨会能够协助学生更好地让理论联系实际。在那里他们能够经过 实际操作来检验自己的主意和计划。

　　first-hand experience

　　第一手经历，最直接的体会

　　By doing experiments, students acquired first-hand experience with the periodic table of the chemical elements.

　　经过亲手操作实验，学生得到了关于元素周期表的第一手经历。

　　t

　　he responsibility for sth. falls on sb.

　　或人肩负着做某事的职责

　　可替换 sb. is responsible for sth.

　　The responsibility for educating children used to fall both on parents and on teachers.

　　在曩昔，往往是家长和教师一起肩负着教育孩子的职责。

　　1. the responsibility for sth. rests with sb.

　　某种职责应该由或人承当

　　The responsibility for limiting children’s access to violence on TV rests with the parents.

　　家长应承当让孩子远离电视中暴力行为的职责。

　　2. shirk one's responsibilities for sth.

　　或人逃避某种职责

　　Parents should not shirk their responsibilities for educating their children.

　　家长不该该逃避教育自己孩子的重任。

　　3. fulfil one’s responsibilities

　　尽到职责

　　Parents should fulfil their responsibilities and monitor their children’s TV viewing and Internet use.

　　家长应该尽到他们监管孩子看电视和上网阅读的职责。

　　deny sb. the freedom to do sth.

　　不给或人在某方面的自由

　　可替换：do not allow sb. to do sth.

　　There is no reason to deny students the freedom to choose subjects that interest and motivate them.

　　剥夺孩子挑选自己喜爱事物的自由是不明智的。

　　1. compulsory subject

　　必修科目

　　It is recognised as an important compulsory subject throughout schooling.

　　它在整个学校教育体系中均被以为是一门很重要的必修课。

　　2. kindle someone's interest in sth.

　　唤起或人对某事物的兴趣

　　The students’ interest in mathematics was kindled by Emma’s excellent teaching.

　　爱玛用她精深的教育技巧重新燃起了学生们对数学的兴趣。。

　　3. optional subjects / courses

　　选修课程

　　They believe that at the secondary level, all students should take Math and English, but other subjects can be optional.

　　他们信任到了中学教育后，除了数学和英语，其他学科都应择性学习的。

　　There is no substitute for sb. / sth.

　　或人/某事物是无法代替的

　　There is no substitute for a face-to-face relationship with a caring and well-informed teacher.

　　传统的面临面式教育是无可代替的。

　　distance learning

　　长途教育

　　The biggest advantage of distance learning programmes is their accessibility.

　　长途教育的最大优势就是它能够随时随地地让咱们开始学习。

　　compromise

　　考虑各种不同需求之后的折中产品

　　以献身某种因素为价值

　　All classroom learning is, in fact, a compromise between the different needs of various students.

　　所有的课堂学习实际上都是在 不同学生的不同学习需求上折中而成的产品。

　　The modifications might compromise safety in some way.

　　某种意义上这些改动将或许献身安全因素。

　　a happy medium

　　折中计划

　　There’s a happy medium between studying all the time and not studying at all

　　在总是学和一点不学之间，存在一个折中计划。

　　be sb. 's mentor

　　或人的良师益友

　　Freya was my teacher, my mentor and my friend.

　　芙蕾亚在曩昔不光是我的教师，仍是我的良师益友。

　　1. sb. 's peer

　　同龄人

　　They are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influences as their parents do at home.

　　这些孩子进入了一个更广泛的群体中，来自教师和同龄人的影响将会 和爸爸妈妈在家中的影响相同重要。

　　2. take someone under sb. 's wing

　　尽心协助缺乏经历的后辈

　　My mentor took me under her wing at a time when I needed her the most.

　　我的恩师在我最需求她的时分尽心协助了我。

　　burn the midnight oil

　　(为了突击某项使命而)学习或作业到深夜

　　Abigail has to get the report finished by tomorrow so she’ll be burning the midnight oil tonight.

　　因为明天是阿比盖尔交报告的最终期限，今晚她必须要熬夜作业了。

　　study intensively

　　高强度地学习

　　Many parents are concerned that exam-oriented education may restrict students’ creativity and cause students to study too intensively.

　　许多家长担心应试教育会限制学生的创造性并导致过于高强度地学习