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Neil – remember that staff meeting we had yesterday?Why did you agree to having decaff coffee in the kitchen when I know you don’t like it… and neither do I!
尼尔，还记得昨天的员工大会吗？你怎么同意厨房使用低因咖啡呢，我知道你不喜欢，我也不喜欢！
I know. It’s just that the boss said that decaffeinated coffee– that’s coffee with the caffeine removed – was a good idea, healthier, you know. And then everyone else agreed.And I… I don’t know… I just felt uncomfortable disagreeing with everyone.
我知道。只是老板说低因咖啡，也就是不带咖啡因的咖啡，非常好，更健康。其他每个人都同意了啊。我不知道。我只是觉得反对大家的意见不好。
Well, it’s interesting you should say that, Neil.Groupthink is the subject of today’s show. Groupthink refers to the type of bad decisions we make when we are in a group.Decisions that are contrary to – or against – what we really think.A psychology experiment conducted in the 1950s showed that a lot of people do exactly that – they submit to the will of the group.
你说得真有意思。趋同思维是今天节目的主题。趋同思维是指我们身处团队所做的错误决定。所做的决定与我们真实的想法相悖。20世纪50年代进行的一项心理研究显示，许多人在团队中都会这样，屈服于团队的意志。
But before we hear more about this, now would be a good time for today’s quiz question. And I get to ask you, Sophie!
但是在继续讨论前，我们先回答今天的问题。轮到我问你了，苏菲！
OK. What is it?
好的。问题是什么？
In which story by Hans Christian Andersen does a young boy dare to tell the truth when everyone else goes along with an obvious lie? Is it…a) The Red Shoesb) The Snow QueenOr c) The Emperor’s New Clothes
在安徒生的哪个故事里，当其他人不敢戳穿一个明显的谎言时，一个小男孩勇敢地说了真话？a) 《红色高跟鞋》b) 《白雪女王》还是c) 《皇帝的新衣》
OK… I think it’s c) The Emperor’s New Clothes.
我觉得是c)《皇帝的新衣》。
Well, we’ll find out later on in the show if that’s right or not.Now, the psychologist Solomon Asch is well known for his conformity experiments from the 1950s.Can you tell us what ‘conformity’ means please, Sophie?
好的，之后我们再看你回答得是否正确。心理学家Solomon Asch因为20世纪50年代的从众实验而闻名于世。苏菲你能告诉我们“从众”是什么意思吗？
Conformity means behaviour that is the same as the way most other people behave. Asch’s main finding was that group pressure can change a person’s opinion, of even obvious facts.
从众是指与其他人保持相同的举止行为。Asch的主要发现是团队压力会改变一个人的判断，甚至是对一个明显事实的想法。
And what did this Asch test involve?
Asch实验包含什么内容？
123 male participants were shown a card with a line on it, followed by another card with three lines on it.The participants were then asked to say which line matched the line on the first card in length. The right answer was plain to see, but the participants felt pressurized into saying the wrong answer.
研究人员给123名男性参与者看了一张画有一条线的卡片，之后又给他们看了画有三条线的卡片。这些参与者需要回答哪一条线与第一张卡片上的线一样长。正确答案显而易见，但是参与者在压力下会选择错误答案。
Why would they do that?
为什么会这样呢？
Because the majority of people taking part in the experiment had been told to give the wrong answer.Let’s hear Professor Nick Chater’s explanation.He works at the Warwick Business School here in the UK.
因为大多数人被告知要选择错误答案。我们听听Nick Chater教授的解释。他是英国华威商学院的教授。
By the time it comes to you a whole list of people have said something plainly wrongand you are either going to have to fold and say, ’well, I just agree with them’ or you’re going to rather uncomfortably say, ’well, I think it’s one actually’.And most people, most of the time, tend to fold.
到了你选的时候，大多数人都选择了明显错误的答案，你是选择妥协，说“我同意他们”，还是心里不舒服但还说“好吧，我觉得这个才是正确的。”而大多数人，大多数时候，都趋向于妥协。
Professor Nick Chater.He uses the word fold, which means you give up.But, Sophie, if people are uncomfortable about supporting the wrong answer,or something they don’t believe in, why do they do it?

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