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       英语重形合，汉语重意合

　　英语是一种十分考究语法的言语，而语法联络则经过必定的外显形状符号来体现;而中文则不必形状改变，靠词序、虚词、上下文联络等来表达语法联络。正如王力先生在《我国语法理论》“欧化的语法”一章中说：我国话里多意图合法，联合成分并非有必要;西文多用形合法，联合成分在大多数状况下是必不可少的。” 如：

　　他正在看这本书。He is reading this book.

　　他现已看了这本书。He has read this book.

　　这个比如比较简单，许多同学对此现已比较了解了，但是在写作中却常常有同学在这些方面过错不断。

　　在汉语里，语句和语句之间经过内在的含义而非方法的逻辑联络来衔接，因而常常省掉连词、代词等成分。如：

　　要大力宏扬新时代的雷锋精神!

　　开展体育运动，增强公民体质!

　　因而咱们能够看出，在汉语中，衔接手法是非有必要的，人们完全能够经过全句全体来判别出词语前后隐含的联络。而在英文中，这种隐含的联络有必要被“显性”化。如：

　　他买了台电脑，花了六千块。

　　就绝对不能写成：He bought a computer, spent 6000 yuan.

　　而有必要写成：He bought a computer which cost him 6000 yuan.或 He spent 6000 yuan on a computer.

　　他今天没来，妈妈住院了。

　　就不能写成：He is absent today, mother is ill.

　　而要写成：He is absent today because his mother is hospitalized.

　　这种只求“意思”不讲“方法”的语句在汉语里举目皆是，如：

　　咱们换个地方，教室正在上课呢!

　　现在很饿了，咱们去吃食堂!

　　十块钱一下子就花光了!

　　假如不考虑英汉的不同，直接依照中文思想写出：We change a place,the classroom is having a class./ Now is hungry, we go to eat the dining hall./Ten yuan spends finished. 之类则要闹出大笑话来。

英语前重心，汉语后重心

　　先来看一个比如，一封来自学员的E-mail：

　　Dear Kevin,

　　Though I know you are busy, will you give me some minutes, I had to go to work as long as I finished the class today, so I am off duty until now because the problem of double roles made me so boring and tired ,I work in a hospital and it is also teaching hospital ,and I will be a player to attend teaching competition，too much things I have to face and even these days I had to stay up all night. will you do me a favour that tell me how to balance the problem between work and study?Latter I will email the homework to you which you gave me this afternoon .

　　yours truly

　　XXX

　　这是一封十分典型的中式思想的函件。中式的思想是依照天然次序打开论说，如：依照时间先后，先说先发作的，后说后发作的;依照逻辑联络，则依照事物开展的先后逻辑次序打开，先说条件、原因、条件、方法、手法等，后说成果。而英文则依照要点次序打开论说，把重要的观念、态度、定论等告知清楚，开宗明义，然后再打开叙说非有必要信息，如理由、条件、现实、比如等等。即：英文将语意的中心要放在前面，然后娓娓道来，分化叙事。了解这一点，关于同学们打开雅思作文的阶段十分有用。

　　回过头来看这封E-mail，假如一个外国人看到，必定一头雾水，由于他不知道你这封信的要点是什么，由于函件的开头大段讲述个人的状况、经历等等，而直到最终才提出问题。假如依照英语的思想，应该开宗明义的向收信人提出问题，然后再打开细节进行叙说。

　　1. 英文先成果，后原因。

　　由于我爱他而不是恨他，所以我才会批判他。

　　I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him.

　　也许校园生活并非总像幻想中的那样，所以许多学生才会感到失落。

　　Many students feel lost because campus life is not always what they imagined.

　　2. 英文先定论，后叙事

　　经过多年的尽力，咱们总算处理了这个难题。

　　We have solved the problem after many years’ hard work.

　　3. 英语先表态，后叙事

　　是什么导致了人的犯罪，咱们还不能断定。

　　We are still not sure what causes people to commit a crime

　　死记硬背有许多的局限性，这一点咱们有必要供认。

　　We should admit that rote learning has a number of limitations.

英语多替换，汉语多重复

　　由于英文重形合，所以经过各种形合手法将比较很多的信息衔接在一个语句里，联络严密，逻辑清楚。这种状况下，其代词所指往往比较清晰而不易混淆，因而，为了避免单调乏味，英文语句常常选用替换、省掉等方法来改换同一个词的表达。而中文则相反，由于汉语主要考意合，考隐含的逻辑贯穿全句，因而为了坚持语句的“形散神不散”，就需要经过重复的手法来增强凝聚力，坚持读者的注意力。所以，汉语往往不使用近义词等代替手法，由于那样会使得精力涣散。如，用代词代替：

　　他厌烦失利，他终身曾打败失利，逾越失利，而且鄙视他人的失利。

　　He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.

　　而不会写成：

　　He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.

　　再看一个用近义词替换的比如：

　　低分版别：

　　Think about this situation. A student interviewed another student and many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of students from the paper or facts that would give that particular student away to other students, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

　　改进版：

　　Think about this situation. A reporter interviewed many students about what it is like to be an only child. If the teachers in charge of the school paper did not edit names of the interviewees from the paper or facts that would give each person away to the readers, then serious problems could be caused for the students who gave their information.

　　第一个低分版别里面用了很多重复的单词“student”，十分枯燥乏味，而改进版将“student”用了“reporter”、“the interviewees”、“each person”、“readers”等词来代替，语句用词富于改变，天然生动得多了。因而，在平常的雅思学习过程中，要注意堆集近义词、反义词的堆集，这样才能在写作中挥洒自如，获得高分。