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写作不同于白话,应当尽量契合书面语的正式性。跟着雅思考生的趋于低龄化(2008年多于对折的考生介于19-22岁之间),许多考生由于学问或许社会履历等各方面的原因不是很了解书面表达的正式风格,这也是形成写作分数偏低的一个主要原因,尤其是形成其它三项高分而写作“偏科”的原因之一。
但这并不意味着写作高分的遥不行及,高分作文是改出来的,所以,雅思中国网雅思专家剖析,要把握好从哪几个方面入手把成型于脑中或许现已付诸于纸上的构思改成阅卷人喜爱的表达法即可。下面就是详细的几个客观表达的方面:
一 防止太多的人化主语
白话中咱们很习惯用“某个人做某件事”来构成根本句式,以至于谈论文中有的考生仍然写的是这样的语句:
More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education and find a better job in the future. I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.
上例中榜首句的主句和状语从句中都是以某个人开端的,第二句中主句和宾语从句也是以人做主语。尽管说这两个语句的WPS(每句中的词汇数)都超过10个,应该说不能算是写的特别初级的简略句,假如句法和词汇没有问题还是很有期望到达6分的。但假如全篇都是这样的句式,整个文章就显得天真,类似于记叙文写作,绝对突破不了7分。
其实改法很简略:咱们只需防止从“某个人”开端语句就能够了,也就是说用比较客观的就事论事的态度。如:防止“学生出国”,只写“出国”;防止“他们想要…”,只写“想要…”。这样,上面的语句就能够写成:go abroad to get better education and find a better job in the future,不光很客观,并且把本来的主句和从句两部分精简处理成了一个动词短语。既能够做谓语动词加上本来的一个主语构成语句,也能够用不定式、动名词和分词处理为非谓语动词做主语、宾语或许状语,还能够以从句的方式处理。至于本来榜首句中的主语young students能够用介词短语的方式刺进不定式或许动名词短语中,而下面的语句里的点评部分的内容提上来做主句的谓语,组成一个新的句式。
别的,第二例句中的“have”,一般状况下主语都是某个人,而在写作中多为“there be”句型所替代,愈加客观。所以上面的两个例句就能够合并成一句:
There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad in order to get better education and find a better job in the future.
这样合并不光客观并且精粹,每个单位语句所表达的内容天然就扩展,词汇密度也相应地增多,天然容易得高分,假如加上单个单词或短语的替换,就能够到达7分。但牢记不行机械照搬范文中的长句,从雅思中国网的学员反应状况看判为模板的文章最低分数降至4.5.
更进一步说,“have”和“there be”句型都能够简化成更简略的介词“with”结构,如以下所示:
On the table is a box. There is a cover beside it.
这两个小语句是小作文的流程图中经常要用到的详细描绘事物的句型,凡是描绘具有某种属性或许带有某种外部特征都能够用”with”结构表达,所以上述两句能够合并成:On the table is a box with a cover beside it.
除了一般的“某个人做某件工作”和“…have…”句型,常见的人化主语的句型还有很受考生偏爱的几个情态动词,如can, may, should等。一般主张前两个改成It is likely /possible to do/ that….;后一个改成It is necessary/ imperative/ highly expected/ suggested that sth. be done.的句式,请看下面的例示:
We can go anywhere we like with our bicycle. →
It is possible for us to go anywhere we like with our bicycle.
To curb global warming, our government should promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.→
To curb global warming, it is imperative that our government promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.
归纳起来说,谈论文中咱们要活跃防止“某个人”做主语,尽量用不定式、动名词或许一个从句做主语,谓语动词用点评性的动词充当,这样就能够由记叙文性质的“进程性句式”顺畅转化成更契合谈论文文风的客观点评性的句式。
二 被迫句式的运用
在比较正式的新闻、商务、法令等英语(论坛)文体中,被迫句式由于其更杰出客观性的宾语或许事实被广为运用。雅思的图表剖析和谈论文都是比较正式的文体,所以咱们也应该留意多用被迫句式。尤其是在以下两个方面:
1.主语不确定
Someone murdered the millionaire last night.→
The millionaire was murdered last night.
2. 主语是泛指许多人或许大部分人
To improve the air quality, we should reduce the use of private cars. →
To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.
Most people think that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.→
It is widely believed that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.
被迫句的用法不仅体现在主句中,在从句、非谓语动词短语中都有可能用到,如:
It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to control the software piracy. →
It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to have the software piracy controlled.
I don’t expect that she returned. → She is not expected to have returned.
I am not sure whether the college graduates will find jobs in the financially difficult year. →
I am not sure whether the college graduates will get employed in the financially difficult year.
可是由于汉语中本来是没有被迫句式的,所以受汉化思想的影响许多考生不会想到这一点。这就要求咱们对此要引起满足的重视,并且在平常多加练习以培育对其敏感度。
三 名词化
写作中把原本用动词或许形容词表达的当地换成名词叫做名词化(nominalization)。名词化是为了防止太多动词形成的句法处理上的困难,一起也能够把某些陈说型的句式转化成更客观的点评句,更契合谈论文的文体要求。如:
Our monitor didn’t come today. He has got a flu.
很明显这两个小句能够用因果关系的信号词连成一句:Because our monitor has a flu, he didn’t come today.,但这个because引导的原因状语从句以及其它的状语从句是考生们很常用的复合句,尽管看似比较复杂,其实仍然是某个人做主语。假如非谓语动词把握得好,可能咱们会想到用Having a flu, our monitor didn’t come today.假如咱们把前后两部分分别用一个概括性的名词来替代,中心加上咱们了解的表明因果关系的动词,这个语句就十分契合谈论文的风格:The flu caused the absence of our monitor today.或许The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.至少咱们能够尽量将其间的一个小句变成名词,减少某个人做主语的白话化句式的呈现频率。
尽管这种表达方法更为客观,句式上愈加简练,可是用比较笼统的概括性词汇来写语句对于越来越趋于低龄化的考生来说的确是个挑战。可是有一些单词是咱们在写作中简直有必要要用到的,平常要备好以下几个常见的名词化:lack of(if there is no…), ignorance of (don’t know …), illiteracy in(can’t read…/ can’t use…), failure (didn’t do…)等。并且在详细的运用进程中能够结合介词with运用,使得句法愈加凝练。此外单个单词也能够利用题目中的动词的名词性后缀如: -tion,-ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等或许变成动名词方式-ing。如:
More younger generations celebrate the western festivals→the celebration of the western festivals by more younger generations
四 单个表达
如more and more/ a lot等白话化的短语尽量防止,能够用increasing(ly), a large number of…/a great deal of…./swarms of…等替代。此外缩略方式也是正式的写作中要防止的。
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