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       一. 不一致(disagreements)

　　所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包含了数的不一致　时态不一致及代词不一　致等.

　　例1. when one have money ,he can do what he want to .

　　(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么.)

　　分析：one是奇数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.

　　改为：　once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

　　二. 修饰语错位(misplaced modifiers)

　　英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于语句不同的方位，语句的意义可能引起改变.关于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解.  例1. i believe i can do it well and i will better know the world outside the campus.

　　分析：better方位不妥，应置于句末.

　　三. 语句不完好(sentence fragments)

　　在白话中，外交双方可凭借手势口气上下文等，不完好的语句完全能够被了解.但是书面语就不同了，语句结构不完好会令意思表达不清，这种状况常常发作在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些弥补阐明时发作.

　　例1. there are many ways to know the society. for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .

　　分析：本句后半部分"for example by tv ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完好的语句，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句.

　　改为：there are many ways to know society ,for example ,by tv ,radio ,and newspaper.

　　四. 悬垂修饰语(dangling modifiers)

　　所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后边语句的逻辑联系紊乱不清.例如：at the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时，但没有阐明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 假如咱们把这个悬垂修饰语改清晰一点，全句就不那么费解了.

　　改为：

　　when i was ten, my grandfather died.

　　例1. to do well in college, good grades are essential.

　　分析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚.

　　改为：

　　to do well in college, a student needs good grades.

      五. 词性误用(misuse of parts of speech)

　　“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.

　　例1. none can negative the importance of money.

　　分析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。

　　改为：

　　none can deny the importance of money.

　　六. 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)

　　指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物联系不清，或许先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：

　　mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

　　(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，由于她要她做她的伴娘。)

　　读完上面这一句话，读者无法清晰地判别两位姑娘中谁将成婚，谁将当伴娘。假如咱们把易于引起误解的代词的所指目标加以清晰，意思就一望而知了。这个语句可改为：

　　mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

　　例1. and we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

　　分析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：

　　we can also know society by serving it ourselves.

　　七. 不间断语句(run-on sentences)

　　什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

　　例1. there are many ways we get to know the outside world.

　　分析：这个语句包含了两层完好的意思：“there are many ways.” 以及“we get to know the outside world.”。简略地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

　　改为：

　　there are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：

　　there are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside

　　world

       八. 措词缺点(troubles in diction)

　　diction 是指在特定的语句中怎么适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教育时刻急迫，教师平常在这方面花的时刻往往极端有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成杰出的琢磨，酌量的习气。他们往往为所欲为，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不妥的过错举目皆是。

　　例1. the increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

　　(农业方面化学物质运用的不断添加也造成了污染。)

　　分析：明显，考生把obstacles“妨碍”，“妨碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断添加的运用)” 应改为“abusive use (乱用)”。

　　改为：

　　the abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

　　九. 负担(redundancy)

　　言以简练为贵。写语句没有一个剩余的词;写阶段没有一个无必要的语句。能用单词的不必词组;能用词组的不必从句或语句。如：

　　in spite of the fact that he is lazy, i like him.

　　本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，咱们依照上述“能用词组的不必从句”能够改为：in spite of his laziness, i like him.

　　例1. for the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.

　　分析：整个语句能够大大简化。

　　改为：

　　diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.

　　十. 不连贯(incoherence)

　　不连贯是指一个语句前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的缺点。

　　例1. the fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.

　　分析：the fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。it 与things 在数方面不一致。

　　改为：

　　fresh water is the most important thing in the world.

　　十一. 综合性言语过错(comprehensive misusage)

　　所谓“综合性言语过错”，是指除了上述十种过错以外，还有比如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的过错。

　　例1.today, money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.