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    　一、换用抽象词

　　词大体可分为两类：抽象词和具体词。抽象词的特色在于含义广泛、调配性强。虽然它们独自不能准确表达一个动作，但在构成词组今后可替代许多具体词。写作中遇到一些具体词写不出来的时分，用抽象词替代，能收到异曲同工之妙。最常用的抽象词有 have，take等。

　　例：迈克阅历了一个极端艰苦的年代。M ike experienced a terrible hard time.写作时，若忘记了experience可用抽象词have替代，写成M ike had a terrible hard time.相同能收到预期作用。

　　再看几例：Are you married?= Do you have a wife /husband?

　　Do you understand my meaning?=Do you take my meaning?

　　She will subscribe(订阅)to Chi- na Today.=She will take China To- day.

　　二、换用近义词、反义词

　　遇到未曾学过的词或一时想不起的词时，可采用发散性思想，发挥想象力，尽可能想出与之有关的近义词、反义词，使用言语的内在联系、多层次、多角度地运用言语，使单词受阻现象得以处理。

　　例：昨夜李雷做了一场恶梦。

　　Li Lei had a nightmare last night.因nightmare使用率不高，不易记住。但其近义词bad dream易记。上句可换译为：Li Lei had a bad dream last night.

　　再如：The food is tasty.=The food is nice toeat.=The food is delicious.

　　We discontinued the work at nine.=We stopped the work at nine.

　　This woman is talkative.=This woman is never quiet.

　　This car is expensive.=This car is not cheap.

　　三、换用迂回表达

　　当一个词或某些信息表达起来有困难时，要充分使用言语本身词汇丰厚、句型多变等特色，进行迂回表达。由于任何一种表达形式，只要能达意便可承受。请仔细观察划线部分词语，看看是怎么迂回表达的。

       例：1.我从未见到过这样固执的人。

　　I've never seen such a stubborn person.=I've never seen such a person who never listens to other's advice.

　　2.如果咱们想得到文凭，咱们有必要首要经过考试。

　　If we want to obtain a diploma，we must first pass the exams.=If we want to get a graduation paper，we must first pass the exams.

　　3.工厂里的烟囱(chimney)拔地而起。

　　High chimneys have appeared in the factories.=The factories are full of high chimneys.=A lot of high chimneys can be seen in the factories.

　　4.他数学考试获得优异成绩，被大学录取了。

　　He passed the maths exam /succeeded in the maths exam and became a college student.

　　5.中午咱们吃了野餐。

　　At noon we had a picnic.=At noon we had our lunch in the open air.(kiki33)