雅思晨读2


时间:2018/7/21
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The question is not ’Are most consumers honest, the question is ’Are most people honest?’And the answer to that is ’no’. We have evolved with the capacity to be dishonest.
“大部分消费者都是诚实的吗?”这个问题应该改为“大部分人都是诚实的吗?”答案是“不是”。我们说谎的能力已经进化许多。
It’s part of our evolutionary psychological make up – because if we can gain an advantage over the people around us, we have a greater chance of surviving.
这是我们心理素质进化发展的一部分。因为如果获得一种优于其他人的优势,就有更大的几率生存下来。
Now what’s important in that is that we also benefited from being in a social group and that was important in our evolutionary past so there is a balance to strike 
如今重要的是,在社会组织里,我们依旧能从“不诚实”中受益。社会组织在人类进化过程中很重要,
between the extent to which we can feather our own next, so to speak, and the risk of being ostracised by the group.
这么说吧,我们需要在,将自己美化到何种程度,和被集体孤立之间,把握住平衡。
A consumer is a person who buys things or services – for example, food or clothes.
consumer是购买东西或服务的人,比如买食物或衣服的人。
Or the use of a parking space – or a taxi.
或者使用停车位、出租车的人。
Now, if I park my car and don’t pay for the parking space, I’m being dishonest, but I’m also saving money.
现在,如果我停了车,又不付停车费,我就是不诚实的人,但同时我也省了钱。
And Philip Graves says being dishonest is part of our ’psychological make up’. What does that mean?
菲利普·格雷弗斯表示,“不诚实”是心理素质的一部分。这是什么意思?
Our psychological make up is the way the human mind works – the way we think.
心理素质就是人内心的活动方式,思考问题的方式。
And it makes sense to be dishonest if you gain an advantage through this behaviour.So when you take something without paying for it, you save money you can spend on something else. 
如果你通过不诚实的行为获得一种优势,那么你的不诚实就有意义。所以,如果你没有付钱而拿走了某个东西,你省下了这笔钱,就可以花在其他东西上。
So why do we place such importance on being honest then? – If we benefit from being dishonest?
那为何还要把诚实看的这么重要呢?——既然我们能从不诚实的行为中获益。
Because it’s selfish behaviour – which other members of our social group won’t like.If everybody acted selfishly and dishonestly all the time, the world would be a very unpleasant place! 
因为不诚实是一种自私的行为。其他的社会成员不会喜欢。如果所有人总是都自私不诚实,世界就会变得非常糟糕!
Selfish – meaning only caring about yourself and not about other people. That’s a good point, Rob.
Selfish,意思是只在乎自己,不关心他人。说得很好,罗布。
Yes, societies work better if people behave co-operatively – which means working together towards shared goals.
是的。如果人们配合得好,科学家的工作就变得轻松一些,co-operatively意思是为了共同的目标而一起工作。
So honesty really is the best policy then – at least most of the time!
所以诚实真的是做人之本,至少大部分时间是!
And now it’s time for the answer to the quiz. Who said ‘honesty is the best policy’?
又到了揭晓测验答案的时候了。是谁说“诚实是做人之本”的呢?
What do you think, Rob?
罗布,你觉得的呢?
OK. Was it Benjamin Franklin?
是本杰明·富兰克林么?
And that was… the right answer! Maybe the question was too easy!Benjamin Franklin wrote it in a book of proverbs called Poor Richard’s Almanac between 1732 and 1758.
答案……正确!也许这个问题有点太简单了!本杰明·富兰克林曾将这句话写进一本箴言集中,名字叫做《穷人理查德年鉴》,写于1732年到1758年间。

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