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       一、外显衔接

　　所谓外显衔接是指用特定的衔接词将相关信息进行衔接。通常状况下，比如作为论据由for example, for instance, like, such as, take… as 等引出。

　　如：it is undeniable that mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways. For example, when an emergency occurs, such as a traffic accident or a violent crime, mobile phones can help the victims to call the police or an ambulance immediately for help.

　　本例中，for example 引出比如证明“mobile phones have facilitated our lives in many different ways.” 然后边的 such as 则引出emergency 的详细方法。For instance 与它的用法完全相同，即后边要接语句比如。 Like, such as, take…as 等直接名词(或相当于名词的词)。由于这些都是基本常识，这儿不再赘述。

　　为了使衔接词多样化，主张考生运用下面的一些短语(或句式)衔接观念和论据：…is a case in point; …serve as a typical example;…can be taken as an example; one example is that… another one is that等。

　　如：Working part time when you are studying in university is beneficial to your life. I myself is a case in point(or ‘my experiences serve as a typical example’). Through those experiences, I have learned to be independent and responsible.

　　二、内化衔接

　　实际上，咱们看原汁原味的文英文文章会发现有些信息的衔接不必外显式，而是经过某些特定的词或许特定的方法给读者以明晰的层次感，然后使文章信息传递更晓畅。

　　下面咱们来看一下哪些比如能够省去衔接词，完成内化衔接。

　　1、人物阅历作比如

　　其中的人物能够是名人，Thomas Edison gave us an example that success only comes after persistence and hard work. 也能够是作者自己的亲身阅历 I remember that ten years ago cell phones were unusual and seldom seen. 人物阅历作比如由于其较强的故事性而引人重视。可是牢记，假如运用名人做比如，要留意信息的准确性; 假如运用自己的亲身阅历做比如则要留意比如挑选是否典型、有说服力。可是无论怎样，有人物阅历时，一定会给人以非常明确的细节信息的感觉，所以完全能够省去衔接词。

       2、数字信息作比如：

　　引进带有数字信息的比如，除能够更详细、更详实的阐明观念外，也能够内化衔接词，由于数字信息所要传递的一定是一个量化的概念，而这一概念就是它所要证明的中心。看个比如：

　　The work was immense: filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meanings with some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on every subject, from the Elizabethans to his own time.

　　比如中immense是观念中心词，后边的详细数字都是对这一中心词的佐证。(当然咱们不要忘掉这儿“：”也是在协助这段文字内化衔接，相当于“for example”)

　　3、专有名词信息作比如

　　人名、地名属于细节信息的领域，也常常呈现在比如中，以一种’fact’的方法呈现。如：

　　Air pollution is increasingly becoming the focus of government and citizen concern around the globe. From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and Tokyo, new solutions to this old problem are being proposed and implemented with ever increasing speed.当你看到这些地名时，一定会想到它们是某一类具有相同性质的地域的代表，那么自然也就是’点’信息，而非‘面’信息，然后能够省去衔接词的运用，却仍然坚持主次清楚。

　　其它比如期刊杂志名、书名等专有名词也能够有类似的用法。

　　4、一些小的介词(短语)引导比如

　　假如咱们留意总结，会发现雅思阅读文章中有一些介词(短语)也能够引出比如。

　　如：from…to: Toughened glass is found everywhere, from cars and bus shelters to the windows, walls and roofs of thousands of buildings around the world.

　　再如：including: …..

　　Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, catalysts and hexa.

　　这儿including 相当于such，like等。

　　综上，举比如明除了需要牢牢把握咱们熟知的表举例的衔接词外，还要留意积累一些隐去衔接词却嵌入一些表细节信息的词汇的状况，或许留意学习老外用标点符号以及被咱们小看的一些小词来标明文章层次的奇妙的做法。一起，同学们也要重视一下，人物阅历和现实信息(尤其是带有数字、专有名词的现实)作比如更有说服力也非常简单把握。所以同学们要从举比如明的衔接词、常用比如类型等视点全面把握举比如明，然后让举比如明更好地证明观念，更好的为雅思大作文效劳。