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       一. 上升增加

　　1.…add up to… 增加了

　　eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.

　　2. to jump to / to soar to.. 一跃到达/ 猛增到…

　　eg. The total working days lost soaredto 10 million in 1979.

　　3.…an increase of about…percent as compared with.. 与…比较大约增加了…

　　eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.

　　4.…to experience an increase/incline …有了增加

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.

　　二. 下降，削减

　　1.…to sink/drop/reduce to… 削减到…

　　eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.

　　2.…to experience a decrease/decline …有了削减

　　eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease.

　　留意：

　　润饰上升/削减的副词有：

　　rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表达上升/削减的最终状况的词有：

　　the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%

　　三. 崎岖

　　1.…to go up and down …崎岖不定

　　eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.

　　2.There be ups and downs …有起有伏

　　eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面).

       四. 安稳

　　1.…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持安稳，简直不变

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady(fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.

　　2.…to level off (vi.)

　　eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.

　　留意：

　　润饰崎岖或安稳状况的副词有：

　　almost fairly 能够用于表达崎岖，安稳状况的句子中的词组或句型：

　　the general situation was not worsening

　　show indications of improvement

　　it can be predictedthat…

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.

　　eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …

　　五. 成正比，反比

　　1.…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 与…成正比/反比

　　eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratioto /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.

　　六. 占百分之几，几分之几

　　1….to form/comprise/make up/constitute ….percent …占百分之…

　　eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the US.population.

　　eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.

　　2.…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……占…的1/2,1/3,1/4

　　eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.

　　3.…account for…percent占百分之几

　　eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…

       七. 倍数

　　1.A be …times as much/many as B

　　eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.

　　2.A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的两倍，一半，三倍

　　eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receiveseach year.

　　附一 圆盘份额型图表 例： 一个圆盘显现了大学生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的开支，它们各自占的份额依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描叙这个圆盘图。 描绘:

　　The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.

　　总结写作形式：

　　…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to….All the rest…, …of all,……. .

　　八. 原因成果

　　1….(成果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 为分词结构]

　　2….(成果)…, attributableto(原因) [attributable to为形容词短语]

　　3….(成果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位语从句 ]

　　4….(成果)result from(原因) [句型一般]

　　5. It is precisely because (原因)…that (导致成果)… [强调结构]

　　6. …, as a result, …(导致成果)… [as a result做插入语]

　　7. (原因)be responsible for(成果) [常见句型]

　　8. (原因)，which in turn(成果)

　　eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws originalbusinesses into a commercial panic.