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        A:语句构成成分回忆

　　(一)语句构成

　　语句构成的成分共分为九种：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语和插入语。

　　一、主语：语句的中心主体，一般坐落谓语动词之前，标明一个语句是谁或何种状况所发出履行或是接受的。在写作中常做主语的有名词、代词、主语从句、V-ing、To do五种。

　　1名词：Computersare now being widely used in almost all fields.

　　2代词：Weare now living in an information-explosion era.

　　3主语从句：Whether sports stars should earn a high salaryis still discussed heatedly.

　　4V-ing:Surfing the Internetoffers a new way for people to relax themselves.

　　5To do:To protect the environmentis everybody’s business.

　　二、谓语：描绘或论述主语的状况，由动词来充任，常坐落主语之后。

　　1表状况用系动词：As I see it, movie stars’earning a high salaryisunfair and unjustified.

　　2表动效果及物或不及物动词：The Internethas revolutionizedpeople’s way of life. Tastediffers.

　　3表具有：人或物时用：have has无生命的东西：there be

　　Peoplehavedifferent views on this question.

　　There isno absolute agreement on this question.

　　4神态动词+动词原形：

　　In this way, teacherscan never be replacedby computers.

　　三、宾语：及物动词或介词所指向的目标。在写作中常做宾语的有名词、宾语从句、复合结构、V-ing、To do五种。

　　1名词作宾语：International tourism promotesthe economic development.

　　2宾语从句作宾语：Some people holdthat air travel should be restricted.

　　3复合结构：The advanced medical technology has madeit possible for people to live longer than ever possible before.

　　4 V-ing: Nobody can avoidbeing influencedby media.

　　5 To do: Some people wantto work for a big companywhile others chooseto work for a small one.

       四、表语：接在系动词后，弥补阐明主语的状况又称为主语补足语。在写作中常做表语的有名词、形容词、V-ing、To do、从句五种。

　　1名词：The environmental problem isa serious problemin modern society.

　　2形容词：Time isfleetingand art islong.

　　3V-ing: The argument isconvincing.

　　4To do: A possible solution isto set down effective laws.

　　5从句：One advantage of computers’utilized in education isthat they can enrich the traditional teaching method to a great extent.

　　五、定语：润饰名词或类似于名词的词。一般翻译为“……..的”，表明事物性质或状况，分为前置或后置。在写作中常做定语的有形容词、名词、V-ing、To do、从句五种。

　　1形容词：Taking part-time jobs exertsprofoundimpacts on one’s future career development.

　　2名词：Generationgap is now a problem we have to face.

　　名词做定语(名词润饰名词重要准则：第一个名词一般用奇数 以下为雅思写作常用名词润饰名词词组)

　　1 Information technology

　　2 Information center

　　3Credit card

　　4Generation gap

　　5Beauty contest

　　6Communication skills

　　7Information age

　　8Knowledge economy

　　9Peace talks

　　10Service industry

　　11Water scarcity

　　12Survival skills

　　13Press conference

　　14Safety standard

　　15Life insurance

　　16Weather forecast

　　17Reception desk

　　18Coffee break

　　19Body guard

　　20 Heart attack

　　21 Department store

　　22 Stock market

　　23 Office building

　　24 Science fiction

　　3 V-ing:Clearly, we are now living in anupdatingsociety and the world is now witnessing somebreath-takingchanges.

　　4To do: Studying abroad provides students with a good opportunityto experience a totally different culture.

　　5定语从句：That is a good bookwhich is opened with expectation and closed with profit.

       六、状语：润饰动词、形容词、副词或整句的词或句。依照功能分十一种：时刻、地址、原因、意图、成果、方法、条件、退让、比较、伴随、评注。在写作中常做状语的有副词 、状语从句 、状语从句省掉结构 、To do、V-ing、V-ed

　　从句六种。

　　1副词 ：Honestly, I cannot give a yes-no answer to this question.

　　2状语从句 ：Where there is an open mind, there will always be frontier.

　　3状语从句省掉结构 ：If so, the conclusion still remains questionable.

　　4To do：To solve this problem, people think up various solutions.

　　5V-ing：Technology is developing by leaps and bounds,making it possible for people to live better than ever before.

　　6V-ed：Encouraged to do so, children will experience better development.

　　七、补语：主语补足语(弥补阐明主语的状况，又称表语)、宾语补足语(弥补阐明宾语的状况)在写作中常做宾语补足语的有形容词和To do 两种。

　　1形容词：Many people find this experienceawful.

　　2To do: Advertisements often urge peopleto buy goods they do not need.

　　八、同位语：语句中的两种成份表达同一种概念，即A=B称之为同位语。在写作中常做同位语的有名词和从句两种。

　　1名词：We should learn from the past,the mirror of the present and the hope of the future.

　　2从句：University students should bear total expenses for their tuition on the generalizationthat university students usually earn much more than people without a degree.

　　九插入语

　　插入语是说话者对所表达意思的弥补、着重、解说或者说话的情绪，其方位灵活，常常用逗号或破折号与其它成分离隔，并且在语法上不影响其他成分。书面表达要求言语连接、地道，恰当运用插入语，能够给文章增色不少。在写作中常用的插入语如下。

　　1Indeed的确，

　　2Surely无疑，

　　3However然而，

　　4Obviously显然，

　　5Frankly坦率地说，

　　6Naturally天然，

　　7Luckily (或happily)for somebody,算或人走运，

　　8Fortunately/Luckily幸亏，

　　9Honestly真的，

　　10Briefly简单地说,

　　11Strange to say说也奇怪，

　　12 Needless to say不用说，

　　13Most important of all最为重要是，

　　13Worse still更糟糕的是，

　　14Ina few words(或in sum，in short)简而言之，

　　15Inother words换句话说