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What did you say?
你说什么？
Watashi-wa Ni-ru. ’I’m Neil.’ It’s Japanese, Sophie.
我说的是“我是尼尔”。这是日语，苏菲。
Very good, Neil!So your Japanese language lessons are going well, then?
不错嘛！看来你的日语课程很有效果啊？
They are indeed.And did you know, Sophie, that scientists believe learning a second language can boost brainpower?Bilingualism – or speaking two languages equally well – is a form of brain training.
确实。你知道吗，苏菲，科学家认为学习第二语言有利于智力增长。双语，即会说两种语言，是头脑训练的一种方式。
Brain training is where you’re learning ways to increase your memory or intelligence. That’s great Neil – but you’re not exactly… bilingual… are you?
头脑训练是学习提高记忆力或智力的方式。这不错哎，但是尼尔，你还没达到双语的程度吧？
Not yet. No.
还没有。
Well, brain training is the subject of today’s show. And ways to train your brain might be doing a crossword puzzle, playing chess, or studying a new language! Now I have a question for you, Neil.
头脑训练就是今天节目的主题。训练大脑的方法有做纵横字谜、下棋或学习一门新的语言！现在有一个问题要问你，尼尔。
I hope my brain is up to the challenge.
希望我的大脑能胜任这个挑战。
I’m sure it is. Can you tell me: How many neurons – or nerve cells – are there in the typical human brain?Is it …a) 8.6 billionb) 86 billionOr c) 860 billion
相信你可以的。你能告诉我，人的大脑中有多少神经元或者说神经细胞吗？a) 86亿个b) 860亿个还是c) 8600亿个
Hmm. I’m going to say a) 8.6 billion.
恩，我选a) 86亿个。
Well, we’ll find out later on in the show whether you got the answer right or not. But now let’s listen to neuropsychologist Dr Catherine Lovedaytalking about why being bilingual may protect your brain from damage if you have a stroke.
好的，节目的最后我们再看你回答的是否正确。现在我们来听听神经心理学家Catherine Loveday的谈话，他会告诉我们为什么学会两种语言有助于在中风时保护大脑。
I think the theory behind why bilingualism might be a protective factor is that[it] involves a lot of switchings – a lot of attentional changes – lots of switching. And that seems to exercise the sort of executive parts of our brain.Those parts of the brain are kind of stronger and fitterwhen it comes to resisting some kind of damage from the stroke.
我认为之所以具备双语能力有一定的保护作用，是因为使用双语时，大脑会进行许多转换，进行许多有意识的转换变化。这似乎对大脑中的控制部分起到了锻炼效果。这部分大脑更加强健，就可以抵抗中风对大脑的损伤。
A stroke is a serious illness that occurs when blood flow to an area of the brain is cut off. And executive functions are the mental skills involved in doing things like problem solving and planning.
中风是一种很严重的疾病，由脑供血不足引发。大脑的控制作用是指涉及问题处理或规划的心理技能。
So when a bilingual speaker switches – or changes – from one language to another– this exercises the executive parts of their brain, making it stronger and fitter.And because the brain is stronger, it’s able to resist – or prevent – damage caused by a stroke.

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