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From all those TV dramas you’ve watched you’ll be familiar with the forensic scenes of crimes officers wearing their paper suits and covering their shoes and their hairto make sure they don’t introduce their DNA or physical traces onto the crime scene. So that in the same way anybody who has any interaction with a witness needs to make sure that they don’t distort their memory.
你看过的所有电视剧，你一定熟悉在命案现场进行司法鉴定的法医，他们穿着纸装，罩着鞋和头发，确保他们不会将自己的DNA或生理痕迹带到犯罪现场。所以同样的，和目击证人有任何接触的人需要确保他们不会扭曲记忆。
So crime officers wear protective clothing at crime scenes so they don’t contaminate it with their DNA.
所以调查人员在犯罪现场穿上保护性服装，这样他们的DNA不会弄脏了现场证据。
That’s right. A crime scene is a place where a crime was committed. And contaminated means made impure through contact with an outside source.So for example, if an officer touches something without gloves on, they introduce new information.And once this has happened, you can’t get back to the original information.
没错。犯罪现场是指一项犯罪发生的地方。contaminated是指通过接触外部来源变得不纯。例如，如果一名调查人员不戴手套接触某物，就会添入新信息。一旦这种情况发生，你就不能再提取原有信息。
Now, Tim Valentine says that when police officers talk to the witness of a crime, they might also introduce new information.And this could change the witness’s memory of what happened.
蒂姆·瓦伦丁说当调查人员和犯罪现场的目击者谈话时，他们也许会添加新的信息。这也许会改变目击者对发生事件的记忆。
And it isn’t only police questioning that can distort memory.Other factors such as stress can affect your ability to recall events accurately. For example, if you’re being held at knifepoint you are likely to be concentrating on the weapon rather than on your attacker’s face. And at knifepoint means under threat of being stabbed.
不仅仅是警察的提问会造成记忆的扭曲。其他因素，例如压力也会影响你准确回忆事件的能力。例如，如果你被刀尖抵着，你的注意力会更多地放在武器上，而不是攻击者的脸。at knifepoint 是指在刀尖的威胁下。
So why do we place so much importance on eyewitness accounts?
所以为什么我们把目击者证词看得如此重要呢？
Eyewitness accounts can sound very convincing in court– but in fact according to research, they are often unreliable.Karen Newirth, senior attorney at the Innocence Project in New York, explains this further.
目击者证词在法庭上很有说服力。但事实上，根据调查，证词经常不可靠。凯伦·纽威斯，纽约无罪计划的高级律师会进一步进行解释。
First, I think it’s sort of natural for people to want to believe that memory can be accurate.It’s very disconcerting to think that we’re going through life relying on our memoriesand then to learn how mistaken they can be - and how frequently.Second is that the testimony of eyewitnesses has become a very expected piece of criminal trialso jurors sort of anticipate it, look for it, and tend to believe it.
首先，人们相信记忆是准确的这一点很自然。一想到我们一生依赖记忆而活，然后意识到它们有可能是错的，而且很频繁出错，这让人很不安。第二，刑事审判中非常指望目击者证词，所以陪审员会期待证词，寻找证词，而且倾向于相信证词。
So we like to trust in our ability to remember things accurately. And it’s disconcerting to learn that memory is frequently inaccurate.And disconcerting means…
所以我们乐于相信我们准确记忆事物的能力。意识到记忆经常不准确会让人很不安。disconcerting是指……

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