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       Cause and effect 因果联系

　　标志词

　　1)表示原因的 because, as, since, due to, owing to (画横线的连接词请重点把握)

　　2)表示成果的 hence(因而),thus(因而),therefore(因而),As a consequence,…(作为成果)Accordingly…(相应的),As a result…(作为成果)Consequently…(作为成果) so…that…(如此…致使…)

　　E.g. The ecological problems are being aggravated. Hence, it is imperative that we take measures to curb the pollution of the environment.

　　生态系统正在急剧的恶化,因而,咱们有必要采纳严峻的办法遏止对环境的污染.

　　Exemplification 举例联系

　　标志词 …is a case in point.(某人或某事是一个恰当的比方.)Take…for example.(以…为例) for instance. (比方…) To Illustrate…(例如…) As an illustration…(作为例子…)

　　e.g. The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is standard practice for them to choose Hollywood blockbuster over domestic films.

　　亚洲国家正以一种惊人的速度变得西方化,以我国为例,当年轻人去电影院的时分,一般都会选择好莱坞大片而不是我国电影.

　　Comparison and contrast 比照联系

　　标志词 While …,whereas…,whilst…,in contrast

　　e.g. Whereas/ while modern man is so rushed and so stressed, our ancestors could often perform their business in a relaxed manner.(比照)

　　现代人的日子是如此的奔忙与严重,而咱们的先人却能够不慌不忙的从事他们的业务.

　　e.g. The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In contrast, their counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.

　　Concession 退让联系

　　标志词 Despite /in spite of …(后边只能跟名词 名词词组或许动名词)(虽然有…),albeit…(虽然 ,后边只能跟形容词或许介词短语), 形容词+as it may be…(虽然,前面只能加形容词),Nonetheless/Nevertheless,(虽然如此)

　　e.g. 1 Tough as it may be to get accustomed to a new culture, it will prove very rewarding.

　　虽然习惯新的文化可能很难,但这会被证明是很值得的.

　　2 Rote Learning is at times necessary, albeit monotonous.

　　死记硬背有时分是必要的,虽然很单调和机械.

　　3The government plays a crucial role in scientific research, Nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.

       Definition 下定义联系

　　标志词 A is best characterized by…( A 最显着的特征是…),A constitutes…(A 构成…) A means…, A consists of …(A 由…组成).

　　e.g. A fine journalist is best characterized by discipline, determination and keen

　　observations.

　　一个好的记者最重要的特点是自律,意志和敏锐的调查.

　　Animal experimentation, in some cases, constitutes callous abuse of test animals.

　　Supposition 假设证明,

　　标志词 provided that…(如果) given the choice…(如果能够选择的话…)only if…(只需…)as long as…(只需) if…, suppose that…

　　e.g. Provided that we can minimize the pain of test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.

　　e.g. Given the choice, many people would live in big cities rather than the countryside.

　　Modification 润饰联系

　　标志词 that, which, who

　　In this day age, we have a proliferation of buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.

　　Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.