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雅思考试有条写作指令叫做:Include relevant examples from your own experience. 所以许多考生在考试时都喜爱使用举例法(exemplification)。这一扩展办法自身无可厚非,然而在使用时几种比方是不适合的。
(一)限制于自己或朋友的比方。此类比方往往缺少客观性和说服力,因为第一人称的限制导致所叙说工作不免“鸡毛蒜皮”。要理解,个人不代表全体。
例:I keep my dog to avoid my loneliness and I find a lot of fun.
这样的比方让人犹如在看记叙文,和议论文很不搭调。
(二)引证过多数据。太多专业数据会给人伪造的痕迹,缺少真实性。考官会质疑数据的出处。
例:A survey indicates that the number of people smoking has increased to as high as 65 percent in China.(一项查询显示。。。)
"65%"让文章看起来有些假,有伪造的嫌疑。"A survey"又不行具有代表性。
(三)我国式的比方。一个国家相同难代表世界。雅思是international的考试,不应将规模框的太限制。此外考官来自各个国家,过火使用一个国家的比方会引起他们的恶感。
例:Many children in China like to play computer games for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.
只需小小改动便可成为成功典范。
因而,首要考生应了解,举例是一种常见的论说办法,特别在论说某一些比较笼统的论题的时分(比方文明类或跟艺术相关的论题)。但是,并不是每个阶段都需求例证法,举例过多或过火勉强会影响文章的正式感,甚至给考官滔滔不绝的感觉。
举例是为了更加形象地叙说工作。提示考生们要留意以下准则:
(一) 要来源于日子,要具有生动的论说作用。不能过于空泛,也不能脱离现时,不然就失去了举例的意义。
(二) 要客观表达。尽管来源于身边社会,但不可让描绘办法变的太鸡毛蒜皮,拿不上台面。其实这点十分简单办到,只需求把工作中某一个具体的你,我,他,变成是客观集体,比方说people across the globe, students, they之类的人称即可。
举例的常见表达办法:
for example,/for instance,(后加语句)
Such as/ like (后加词组)
Take... as an example,
A case in point is that......
其次,在举例时还应留意标准。
1. 应防止使用第一人称和第二人称,为了加强客观性,应将人称写成第三人称。
改正:Those people who raise pets, such as dogs and cats, are more likely to gain happiness and relieve their loneliness.(那些养宠物,例如养猫和养狗的人往往更简单取得高兴而且缓解孤独感)
2. 应防止引证一项查询研究,并一起伴有过多数据。应将数据去掉,用迷糊的办法标明。
改正:There is much evidence to show that the number of people smoking has increased at an alarming rate in China. (很多依据标明。。。)
3. 应防止将比方限制在一个国家,尤其是我国。应将规模放至全世界。
改正:Many children around the world like to sit in front of the screen for a long time, leading to their poor eyesight.(在全世界,许多孩子在屏幕前待太久,导致了他们的视力削弱。
“全世界”的表达办法:around the world, all over the world, across the globe
【写作真题】
The advocates of international aid believe that countries have a moral obligation to help each other, while the opponents consider it necessary, because money is misspent by the governments that receive it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
【名师献策】
This aid is essential to the homeless and useful in helping recipient countries return to their normal state after major disturbances. For example, with the humanitarian relief obtained worldwide on an annual basis, victims of natural disasters (such as tsunami, drought, flood) throughout the world can recover rapidly and rebuild their homeland.
经过上面的剖析,我们就可以看到,我国考生因为各种原因,尽管喜爱举比方,但是使用并不熟练,大家需求在备考雅思议论文写作考试的时分,对此加以恰当的集中式操练,这样才干更好的把握写作的办法,也有更好的成果上的体现。
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