怎么使你的雅思作文打破高分?


时间:2018/5/18
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       一、避免太多的人化主语

  文言中我们很习惯用“某个人做某件事”来构成底子句式,以至于议论文中有的考生依然写的是这样的句子:

  More and more young students go abroad because they want to get better education and find a better job in the future. I think that they may have problems in study and also in life.

  上例中第一句的主句和状语从句中都是以某个人初步的,第二句中主句和宾语从句也是以人做主语。虽然说这两个句子的WPS(每句中的词汇数)都逾越10个,应该说不能算是写的特别初级的简略句,假设句法和词汇没有问题仍是很有期望抵达6分的。但假设全篇都是这样的句式,整个文章就显得天真,类似于记叙文写作,必定打破不了7分。

  其实改法很简略:我们只需避免从“某个人”初步句子就可以了,也就是说用比较客观的就事论事的情绪。如:避免“ 学生出国”,只写“出国”;避免“他们想要…”,只写“想要…”。这样,上面的句子就可以写成:go abroad to get better education and find a better job in the future,不但很客观,而且把正本的主句和从句两部分精简处理成了一个动词短语。既可以做谓语动词加上正本的一个主语构成句子,也可以用不定式、动名词和分词处理为非谓语动词做主语、宾语或许状语,还可以以从句的方法处理。至于正本第一句中的主语young students可以用介词短语的方法刺进不定式或许动名词短语中,而下面的句子里的点评部分的内容提上来做主句的谓语,组成一个新的句式。

  别的,第二例句中的“have”,一般情况下主语都是某个人,而在写作中多为“there be”句型所代替,更加客观。所以上面的两个例句就可以吞并成一句:

  There may be problems in study and also in life for young students to go abroad in order to get better education and find a better job in the future.

  这样吞并不但客观而且精粹,每个单位句子所表达的内容天然就扩展,词汇密度也相应地增多,天然容易得高分,假设加上单个单词或短语的替换,就可以抵达7分。但紧记不可机械照搬范文中的长句,被判为模板的文章最低分数降至4.5.

  更进一步说,“have”和“there be”句型都可以简化成更简略的介词“with”结构,如以下所示:

  On the table is a box. There is a cover beside it.

  这两个小句子是小作文的流程图中常常要用到的详细描绘事物的句型,凡是描绘具有某种特色或许带有某种外部特征都可以用”with”结构表达,所以上述两句可以吞并成:On the table is a box with a cover beside it.

  除了一般的“某个人做某件作业”和“…have…”句型,常见的人化主语的句型还有很受考生偏疼的几个神态动词,如can, may, should等。一般建议前两个改成It is likely /possible to do/ that….;后一个改成It is necessary/ imperative/ highly expected/ suggested that sth. be done.的句式,请看下面的例示:

  We can go anywhere we like with our bicycle. →

  It is possible for us to go anywhere we like with our bicycle.

  To curb global warming, our government should promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.→

  To curb global warming, it is imperative that our government promulgate new laws to govern the felling of trees.

  归纳起来说,议论文中我们要活泼避免“某个人”做主语,尽量用不定式、动名词或许一个从句做主语,谓语动词用点评性的动词充当,这样就可以由记叙文性质的“进程性句式”顺利转化成更符合议论文文风的客观点评性的句式。

       二、被逼句式的运用

  在比较正式的新闻、商务、法令等英语文体中,被逼句式因为其更杰出客观性的宾语或许实际被广为运用。雅思的图表分析和议论文都是比较正式的文体,所以我们也应该留意多用被逼句式。尤其是在以下两个方面:

  1.主语不确定

  Someone murdered the millionaire last night.→

  The millionaire was murdered last night.

  2. 主语是泛指很多人或许大部分人

  To improve the air quality, we should reduce the use of private cars. →

  To improve the air quality, the use of private cars should be reduced.

  Most people think that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.→

  It is widely believed that we can get a large share of benefit in the sales campaign.

  被逼句的用法不只体现在主句中,在从句、非谓语动词短语中都有可能用到,如:

  It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to control the software piracy. →

  It is important for nations all over the world to join hands to have the software piracy controlled.

  I don’t expect that she returned. → She is not expected to have returned.

  I am not sure whether the college graduates will find jobs in the financially difficult year. →

  I am not sure whether the college graduates will get employed in the financially difficult year.

  但是因为汉语中正本是没有被逼句式的,所以受汉化思想的影响很多考生不会想到这一点。这就要求我们对此要引起满足的重视,而且在往常多加练习以培养对其敏感度。

  三、名词化

  写作中把正本用动词或许形容词表达的当地换成名词叫做名词化(nominalization)。名词化是为了避免太多动词形成的句法处理上的困难,一同也可以把某些陈述型的句式转化成更客观的点评句,更符合议论文的文体要求。如:

  Our monitor didn’t come today. He has got a flu.

  很明显这两个小句可以用因果关系的信号词连成一句:Because our monitor has a flu, he didn’t come today.,但这个because引导的原因状语从句以及其它的状语从句是考生们很常用的复合句,虽然看似比较复杂,其实依然是某个人做主语。假设非谓语动词掌握得好,可能我们会想到用Having a flu, our monitor didn’t come today.假设我们把前后两部分分别用一个概括性的名词来代替,中心加上我们了解的标明因果关系的动词,这个句子就十分符合议论文的风格:The flu caused the absence of our monitor today.或许The absence of our monitor is because of his illness.至少我们可以尽量将其间的一个小句变成名词,减少某个人做主语的文言化句式的出现频率。

  虽然这种表达方法更为客观,句式上更加简练,但是用比较抽象的概括性词汇来写句子关于越来越趋于低龄化的考生来说的确是个应战。但是有一些单词是我们在写作中几乎有必要要用到的,往常要备好以下几个常见的名词化:lack of(if there is no…), ignorance of (don’t know …), illiteracy in(can’t read…/ can’t use…), failure (didn’t do…)等。而且在详细的运用进程中可以结合介词with运用,使得句法更加凝练。此外单个单词也可以使用题目中的动词的名词性后缀如: -tion,-ment, -isation, -ness, -ity等或许变成动名词方法-ing。如:

  More younger generations celebrate the western festivals→the celebration of the western festivals by more younger generations

  四、单个表达

  如more and more/ a lot等文言化的短语尽量避免,可以用increasing(ly), a large number of…/a great deal of…./swarms of…等代替。此外缩略方法也是正式的写作中要避免的。




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