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       雅思阅览题型多变，考点在文中飘忽不定。可是作为国际化的学术英语考试，天然有其严厉安稳的考察意图和内容，一直会把对英语华章结构和行文规则的了解作为阅览的一项基本要求要点考察。因而加强这方面的学习研讨是从根本上进步应试才能的途径。本文仅从英语行文结构中逻辑联系词的效果及其阅览功用这一详细方面作开始讨论。

　　关于逻辑联系词在阅览中的效果，咱们首要来看一段文字：

　　the discourse markers signal relationships: between different parts of the discourse … the main reason for studying them is their usefulness in helping the reader to work out the meaning of difficult text. They often show the relationship the writer intends between two parts of the text, so if you can understand one part, the discourse marker is a possible key to the other part. (Christine Nuttall, 1996. Teaching Reading Skills in a Foreign Language, Heinemann)

　　关于“discourse marker”，P.H.Matthews在其Oxford Concise Dictionary of Linguistics (Oxford University Press) 一书中是这样描述的：Any of a variety of units whose function is within a larger discourse rather than an individual sentence or clause: e.g. but then in But then he might be late. “discourse marker”尽管规模愈加广泛一些，但从以上文字不难看出，它包含了咱们所了解的逻辑联系词(即文章中用于表明并排，转机，举例，因果，递进，退让，总结等逻辑联系的固定单词或词组)。也由此可见，特别注重形式逻辑和思想剖析的英语行文，在词语之间和语句之间往往会凭借各种逻辑联系词清楚表达思想逻辑和语意联系。因而了解和掌握逻辑联系词可以协助咱们掌握文章中语意的变换和开展，了解文章要点表达的意思。

　　详细到雅思阅览，逻辑联系词在解题中体现出两大功用 ：

　　一、语意揣度

　　语意揣度主要是运用于要点题型之一的摘要题(Summary)。详细是指依据空格地点句及前后句的逻辑联系词，剖析词语之间，语句之间的语意联系，揣度出所缺单词的大致含义。

　　例如：

　　1.剑4 / P77 / Q38

　　Some corpora include a wide range of language while others are used to focus on a particular linguistic feature.

　　依据while这个表明比照或转机的逻辑联系词，可以判断它前后部分是比照或反义联系。“a wide range of language”指的是语言研讨的广泛的各个方面，可以预判空格处应是指详细的方面。

　　2.剑1 / P20 / Q4-5

　　The very first fire-lighting methods involved the creation of friction by, for example, rapidly rotating a wooden stick in a round hole.

　　依据介词“by”和“for example”这个表明举例的逻辑联系词，可以预判第二个空格应是和“creation of friction”(发生冲突)的详细动作有关的词。

　　3.剑1 / P20 / Q6

　　The use of percussion or persistent chipping was also widespread in Europe …

　　依据表明并排的逻辑联系词or，可以判断它前后部分是并排联系。Chipping是“削，凿”的意思，可以预判空格处应是相似意思的词。

       二、定位

　　依据对历年真题的总结剖析，雅思阅览考试的一个重要规则是：题干中的语句之间，词语之间的逻辑联系在原文中一般不变(但表现方式可能会变)。这一规则使得逻辑联系词可以有效地帮忙题干关键词在原文中定位答案信息源。尤其在摘要题(Summary)中这一办法运用频率很高。

　　例如：

　　1.剑5 / P50 / Q30-31

　　题干：In Britain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.

　　原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world … (Para.7)

　　题干中呈现的neither…nor…是衔接两个否定概念的并排逻辑联系词。原文中对应呈现了完全相同的逻辑联系，即first, it lacked …, second it lacked …(表现方式有所变化)。咱们可依据这种对应的逻辑联系在原文中快速定位答案信息源。

　　2.剑5 / P50 / Q33-34

　　题干：Although English was then overtaken by German, it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.

　　原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.

　　题干中呈现的两种逻辑联系均在原文中对应呈现。一是表明转机联系的although, 对应于原文中的however;二是表明因果联系的as a direct result of 对应于原文中表因果的逻辑联系词as。很显然，这关于题干信息的定位含义重大。

　　3.剑5 / P70 / Q25-26

　　题干：To deal with this, Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term, and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term.

　　原文：In the immediate future, Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways, in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says, however, that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.

　　题干中呈现了表明递进的逻辑联系词in the short term … in the longer term …。快速查读原文，可定坐落文中相同的逻辑结构in the immediate future … in the long term …。

　　别的，对雅思真题文章进行精读练习的同学会发现，除了以上两大功用之外，逻辑联系词在原文中的方位还常常是出题考点最集中的地方。因而学习和掌握逻辑联系词在阅览中的功用和效果，将对进步答题的速度起关键性的效果。一起，可以娴熟运用逻辑联系词关于写出条理清楚，层次分明的雅思作文也大有协助。

       附：雅思考试中常见的逻辑联系词

　　1.表明并排联系

　　likewise once again/once more in (much) the same way (manner) similarly/similar to vice versa also/as well as not only … but also … both … and … neither … nor … like/just like as/just as equally namely or and

　　2.表明转机联系

　　but/yet/whereas however otherwise in contrast (to) conversely though/although nevertheless unlike in spite of despite on the contrary even if/even though

　　on the one hand …, on the other hand … instead (of) not as … as … rather than even so vary different from differ from

　　while

　　3.表明举例

　　for example/for instance/e.g. such as that is/namely/i.e.

　　in other words in general/in particular a case in point is especially specifically

　　4.表明因果联系

　　as a result as a consequence consequently so/therefore/thus then for this reason hence accordingly because/because of owing to thanks to on account of

　　since due to …, for as this is why

　　5.表明递进联系

　　and then as well as again another also/too in addition (to) additionally additional besides (that) moreover furthermore not only … but also … what’s more

　　6.表明退让联系

　　though/although while even though/even if nevertheless in spite of/despite admittedly

　　7. 表明总结

　　in a word in brief in short above all all in all on the whole in general to conclude/in conclusion to sum up/to summarize/in summary