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因为Summary这一题型在三大题型要素中都不是简略的黑/白联系,咱们应当供认,摘要题是雅思阅览中特色较为杂乱,调查较为全面的一种题型。但正如上文讲到,Summary的解题要能够做到“突出关键,各个击破”,那么它的关键又是什么呢?
其实,Summary所表现出的多样性这并不意味其随意性。事实上,咱们不论是从理论仍是实践中都应该而且能够在这种分支很多的题型中找出一根最粗的主干。
一、有序or无序?
咱们来看第二要素:In/Out of Order。关于这一题型的次序性,雅思官方用了两个单词来进行描绘——not necessarily。虽然从词义上说,这标明该题型内部各题终究对应的文章信息点契合行文次序(in passage order)仍是出现紊乱状态(out of passage order)都是正常的。也就是说,这种说法意味着Summary标题会有适当客观份额的标题是乱序的。
但真实情况并非如此。
首要,从实践来说,无论是剑桥雅思官方的6本出版物剑1直至最新的剑7中咱们所接触到的Summary标题,仍是像笔者这样常年“以考带研”的训练界人士屡次考场实践所遭遇到的Summary标题,都能够明确地传递这样的信息:摘要题的编写能够表现华章的整体行文结构。虽然有时存在特定题空对其他题空构成所对应passage中详细信息点方位的“穿越”,但不会对实质上的in passage order造成巨大的干扰。仅有的整体破例是剑5 Test 3关于钢化玻璃的那篇Flawed Beauty。
实践中的体会来自于内涵机制的运作。理论上讲,假如一个summary不能将哪怕是一部分的华章结构和关键表现出来,它是没有理由被称为summary的。相关于原文因果倒置、主次不分、时刻紊乱的一段文字,不可能有效地达到概括的意图。其成果就是咱们所往往碰到的标题次序与行文结构共同的情形。
{定论} Summary整体是是有序的。
请看下例(剑2 Test 1):
Questions 10-13
The island will be partially protected from storms by … (10)… and also by … (11) … Further settlement caused by … (12) … will be prevented by the use of … (13) …
请看文章阶段。
TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau (10题考点地点); the sea walls (11题考点地点) should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather – downpours of the summer monsoon (12题考点地点) – is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile (13题考点地点) is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.
这是一组只要四题的Local的Summary,只对应文章中最终一个阶段。虽然很断,但很清楚,原文中所标明的考点方位仍然明确地表现出了原题空与空之间、句与句之间的逻辑联系和次序。这一现象其实在很多的Summary标题中都存在。
二、宗旨or细节?
再说榜首要素Gist/Detail。虽然因为近年来Local的Summary比较活跃,标题所调查的信息有时候适当详细。但作为一段接连文字、完好语句构成的阶段,语句之间没有任何相关式无论如何让人不可思议的工作。
应当指出,说Summary是偏Gist的题型,或许表现出对Gist调查的题型,并不等于最终填空的答案就是文章粗心。这是两个概念。和Heading直接以阶段主题为主要信息调查点,而且答案常常就是阶段TS的改写不一样的是,Summary关于宗旨性,结构性信息的调查更多表现在进程中。咱们用于填写的或许挑选的答案往往只是单词或词组,这意味着他们自身并不足以表现出粗心,但一两个点睛的信号词(signposts)则能够清楚地标明标题各调查点的逻辑联系在原文中的对应,然后让咱们得以抵达最终一步,极大地进步解题进程的速度和准确性。
{定论} Summary的考点词也许是细节的,但分析定位出这些考点需要的辅佐信息往往仍然是结构性的。
咱们再次使用上面的例子来进行阐明。
Questions 10-13
The island will be partially protected from storms by … (10)… and also by … (11) … Further settlement caused by … (12) … will be prevented by the use of … (13) …
TEXT The airport, though, is here to stay. To protect it, the new coastline is being bolstered with a formidable twelve kilometers of sea defences. The brunt of a typhoon will be deflected by the neighbouring island of Lantau (10题考点地点); the sea walls (11题考点地点) should guard against the rest. Gentler but more persistent bad weather – downpours of the summer monsoon (12题考点地点) – is also being taken into account. A mat-like material called geotextile (13题考点地点) is being laid across the island to separate the rock and sand layers. That will stop sand particles from being washed into the rock voids, and so causing further settlement. This island is being built never to be sunk.
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