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       1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

　　[参阅译文] 美国的经济是以根本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上经过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和效劳付费来决议什么应该被制作出来。

　　2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

　　[参阅译文] 因而，在美国的经济体系中，个别消费者的需求与商人企图最大化其获利的愿望和个人想最大化其收入效用的愿望相结合，一同决议了什么应该被制作，以及资源如何被用来制作它们。

　　3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

　　[参阅译文] 另一方面，假如许多制作某种产品导致其本钱下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制作商能供给的供应，而这也就会反过来下降价格并答应的消 费者购买产品。

　　4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

　　[参阅译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不只包含对出产资源的全部权，也指其他一些特定的权力，如断定一个产品价格和与另一个私家个别(经济单位) 自在签定合同的权力。

　　5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.

　　[参阅译文] 一同这些计算机记录下哪些时刻是最忙的，哪些职作业业功率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事组织。并且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些具有优先权的顾客。

　　6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.

　　[参阅译文] 不可胜数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都经过计算机的运用给消费者带来更好、更有功率的效劳。

　　7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.

　　[参阅译文] 残疾儿童在许多要害方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子开展其悉数的成人后的潜能，他们的教育有必要习惯这些不同。

　　8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.

　　[参阅译文] 在曩昔的30年中，公共教育中显现的对残疾儿童的巨大重视表明晰咱们社会中的一种中强烈的心情，那就是全部的公民，不论其状况有多特别，都应享有充分开展其才能的机会。

　　9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.

　　[参阅译文] 它(广告)能够直接协助货物以比较合理的价格被敏捷分销出去，因而能够(使公司)树立一个巩固的国内市场，一同也使以具有竞赛力的价格供给出口变得可能。

　　10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.

　　[参阅译文] 除掉议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商勇于推销一种产品却不能实现其在广告中的许诺。

       11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.

　　[参阅译文] 假如其信息只被局限于奉告逐个就广告而言，假如这不是完全不可能到达的，也是十分难做的，由于即便是一个比方衬衫的色彩的挑选这样的细节都会具有奇妙的压服意味，那么广告就会如此地庸俗以至于没有人 会重视它。

　　12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.

　　[参阅译文] 得到了升官的工人们，成绩前进的学生，学会了一门新言语的外国人一 一这些都是那些有可衡量的成果宋显现其尽力的人们的例子。

　　13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

　　[参阅译文] 跟着家庭脱离他们原来安稳的社区，脱离他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭联系，非正式的信息活动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需求时能取得牢靠和值得信任的信息的决心。

　　14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, timeconsuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.

　　[参阅译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何年代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的使命不只杂乱、耗时，有时乃至令人难以招架 。

　　亲爱的，你渐渐飞，小心前面带刺的玫瑰;亲爱的，你张张嘴，风中花香会让人陶醉;亲爱的;你跟我飞，穿过森林去看小溪水，亲爱的来跳个舞，爱的春天不会有天亮。我和你缠缠连绵翩翩飞，飞越这红尘用相随，追逐你终身，爱抚无歉悔，不孤负我的柔情你的美;我和你缠缠连绵翩翩飞，飞越这红尘用相随比及秋风劲，秋叶完工灰，能陪你一同干枯也无悔。

　　15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.

　　[参阅译文] 经过长途会议，专家常识能够在全世界范围内被共享，而争辩的问题能够得到解决，一同相关人员也不用脱离他们的家庭或作业跑到一个悠远的开会地点。

　　16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.

　　[参阅译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时刻竞赛的热心导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里边长于竞赛的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。

　　17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.

　　[参阅译文] 在跟你说话的时分，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经 验和其他资历是不是值得他招聘你，而你的"产品"和才能必定要以一 种有条有理并且合情合理的彼此相关的办法被展现出来。

　　18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.

　　[参阅译文] 英国播送公司将作为一个公共基金支撑的播送组织存在下来，至少现在 会这样，可是它的角色、它的规划和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下 的评论论题。

　　19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBCincluding ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.

　　[参阅译文] 这场争辩是由政府发起的，政府请任何一个对英国播送公司有定见的人 一包含一般的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，乃至 要说说他们是否以为这个公司值得被保存下来。

　　20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.

　　[参阅译文] 这种改变经过引进许多的专业要素然后习惯了这个新年代的技能要求， 并且它(这种改变)避免了功率的下降。这种功率的下降在精力充沛的 创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时分，经常会销毁那些 宗族公司的财富。

      21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.

　　[参阅译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和工业的操作极大地增加了股东的数量和他 们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家日子中代表不负责任的财富的一个 要素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地具有者的责任，并且简直同样与 公司的负责任的办理毫无联系。

　　22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management.

　　[参阅译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的乡镇的呈现是为了给那些数量许多的"舒 适"阶级供给寓居场所。这些人依赖于其丰盛收入而不作业，他们除了 分红和偶然参加一下股东大会，向办理层口授一下自己的指令之外，跟 社会的其他阶级毫无瓜葛。

　　23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.

　　[参阅译文] 这样的"股东"对他具有股份的公司所招聘的工人们的日子、思维和需 求一窍不通，并且他们对劳资双方的联系都不会发生活跃的影响。

　　24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.

　　[参阅译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的联系愈加直接，可是就连 他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私家之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古 老宗族公司的那种愈加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有 这样的私家联系。

　　25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country"s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.

　　[参阅译文] 在许多构成要素傍边，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优异的小学教育：欢 迎新技能的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;并且最重要的是美国人在对 那些技能性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"考虑方面的天分。

　　26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".

　　[参阅译文] 正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样："一个技能专家考虑那些不能被简化成 能被清楚的言语描绘的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是经过一种视觉的、 非言语表述的进程宋处理的……规划者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中 安装并操作那些还不存在的设备。"

　　27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".

　　[参阅译文] 罗伯特?法欧特从前这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、 轮子等等傍边，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母当作 自己思维的展现，在这样的展现中，每种新的次第组织都传达了种新 的思维。"

　　28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.

　　[参阅译文] 在最终三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描绘了他 们的活动和战术，并且，关于那些对神造论者的干事办法刁;了解的人来 说，神造论者的欺骗和歪曲现实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧 异。

　　29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　[参阅译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道："这本书本 身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的并且假如理性成为神造论/地化 论之间的争辩中的专一评判规范的话，全部就都好办了。

　　30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia"s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.

　　[参阅译文] 经过了六个月的争辩以及最终16个小时剧烈的议会争辩，澳大利亚北 部区域成了世界上第一个答应医师中止期望死去的绝症病人生命的立 法当局。

       31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.

　　[参阅译文] 一些组织终于松了一口气，可是其他一些组织，包含教堂，倡议生命之 权的集体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖利地打击这个法案，责备法案的经过 过于匆忙。可是大势已定，不可逆转。

　　32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

　　[参阅译文] 在澳大利亚人口老龄化，延长寿数的技能和改变看的社会情绪，这 些要素都在发挥作用逐个其他的州也会考虑拟定类似的关于安乐死的 法令。

　　33. There are, of course, exceptions. Smallminded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.

　　[参阅译文] 当然，破例是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有 礼貌的出租车司机也并不罕见。可是人们常常得出这样的查询定见，这 使得它值得被评论一下。

　　34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

　　[参阅译文] 咱们日子在一种药品(毒品)的医学用处和社会用处都很广泛的社会里： 一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来交际的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神 所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的卷烟。

　　35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.

　　[参阅译文] 对药品的依赖性首要表现为不断增加的耐药量，要发生想得到的效果所 需求的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当中止用药后，令人不快的停药 症状的呈现。

　　36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"

　　[参阅译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔责问年代华纳公司的高级办理人员们："莫非这 就是你们期望能够成果的工作?你们现已出卖了自己的魂灵，可是莫非 你们还非要堕落咱们的国家，威胁咱们的孩子们吗?"

　　37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column", "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."

　　[参阅译文] "对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中 写到，"不在于它能够多有效地操控各种定见的表达，而在于这个社会是 否能给予考虑和表达的尽可能广泛的自在，不论有时分这种成果是多么 的赋有争议或令人不快…"

　　38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders" meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society"s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.

　　[参阅译文] 在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的评论中，莱文宣称呼："音乐不是 社会问题的原因"，他乃至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克 斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行交流。

　　39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.

　　[参阅译文] 有许多用于描绘货币政策的词汇，例如"轻踩刹车"以"操作经济软着 陆"，使货币政策听起来像是一门准确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实践 状况的了。

　　40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America"s, have little productive slack.

　　[参阅译文] 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊奇，由于传 统的计量办法显现两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，简直没有出产萧条 的时分。

      41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

　　[参阅译文] 很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺点。一些经济学家以为世界经济 结构的强有力的改变现已完毕了那个以经济增加和通货膨胀的前史相关 为基础的旧的经济模式。

　　42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

　　[参阅译文] 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水众多，可是它也夺去了埃及以前 所享有的洪水留下的肥美淤泥这些换宋的就是这么个疾病繁殖的水 库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，简直不能发电了。

　　43. New ways of organizing the workplaceall that re-engineering and downsizingare only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training,

　　[参阅译文] 企业重组的新办法全部那些从头规划、缩小规划的做法只是对 一个经济的全体出产力做出了一方面的奉献。这种经济还受许多其他因 素的驱动，比方结合设备和机械上的出资、新技能，以及在教育和训练 上的出资。

　　44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.

　　[参阅译文] 他的搭档迈克尔?比尔说，有太多的公司现已用一种机械的办法实施公 司内部的从头规划，在没有充分考虑长期获利的才能下减少了本钱。

　　45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.

　　[参阅译文] 科学卫兵们在会议上也表述了他们的重视，比方1995年在纽约市举办的 "逃离科学与理性"会议，以及上一年6月在布法罗附近举行的"(过错) 信息年代的科学"会议。

　　46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.

　　[参阅译文] 一项关于1996年新闻报道的查询显现，反科学的标签还能够贴在许多其 他集体身上，从提倡消除最终存留的天花病毒的权威组织，到宣扬减少 基础研讨经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。

　　47. The "true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.

　　[参阅译文] 环境研讨的前驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?厄尔里西以为，科学真实的敌人 是那些对支撑全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业开展的其他后果的依据提 出怀疑的人。

　　48. This developmentand its strong implication for US politics and economy in years aheadhas enthroned the South as America"s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation"s head counting.

　　[参阅译文] 这种开展以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影 响逐个使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来初次成为美国人口最密集 的区域。

　　49. Often they chooseand still are choosingsomewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.

　　[参阅译文] 他们常常挑选现在仍然这样挑选寓居在那些气候较为冰冷的地 区， 比方俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是躲避烟雾、违法， 以及"金州"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。

　　50. As a result, California"s growth rate dropped during the 1970"s, to 18.5 percentlittle more than two thirds the 1960"s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.

　　[参阅译文] 成果，加利福尼亚的人口增加率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5%一 一稍高于60年代增加率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。