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1. 依据界说猜想词义
一些词在阅读文章中属于专业词汇类,尽管它不会在标题的判别中成为中心考点,但假如呈现在标题中还是会令考生忧虑,影响发挥的。此时若能凭借文中的释义做合理揣度,就会在判别中起到活跃正面的影响。如下面的原文:
Last week scientists from the University of Manchester revealed that loud music stimulates a part of the inner ear called the sacculus, which is connected to the hypothalamus, the brain’s ‘pleasure centre’.
尽管初看到sacculus 不明白其意义,但经过解说至少知道是“内耳的一个部分(小球囊)”,关于解题现已清除了障碍。
假如生词是语句或段落所解说的界说,了解语句或段落自身就是揣度词义。例如: anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由界说可知,anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term "jam" constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.
同样,从上下文的界说可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。 界说句的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify, constitute等。
2. 依据复述猜想词义
尽管复述不如界说那样谨慎、详细,可是供给的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可所以词、短语或是从句。
同位语 Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semantics是同位联系,因而咱们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位联系的两部分之间多用逗号连接,有时也运用破折号,冒号,分号,引号,和括号等。
Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits.
由同位语咱们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。
考生们需求留意的是:同位语前还常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i. e. 等副词或短语呈现。
定语从句 Krabacber suffers from SAD, which is short for seasonal affective disorder, a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings.
依据生词SAD后边定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings, 咱们能够揣度出 SAD意义,即“季节性心情紊乱症”。
又如原文:The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. 关于dominant 词义的猜想能够经过后边复述的64% 猜出,为:多数的,起到操控效果的。
3. 依据举例猜想词义
恰当的举例能够供给猜想生词的重要线索,例如:The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past.
句中“战役”和“严重科学发现”是生词的实例,经过它们咱们能够猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”,这与其切当意义“划时代的”非常挨近。
再比方下列原文:She also claims that those who think the more intense the exercise the better are wrong. Many benefits of exercise – reducing the risk of hypertension, heart disease, diabetes and cancers – can be achieved form any level of activity.
凭借一起并排呈现的cancers 的意思,能够猜想到上述hypertension 和diabetes也是和疾病相关的单词,尽管纷歧定能凭借cancer 猜到两个单词的意思分别为“高血压”和“糖尿病”,但关于解题现已足矣。
4. 依据单词结构猜想词义
英文的单词结构自身极具特色,仔细调查单词,有望经过其自身结构破解词义。如:These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.
关于文中multifaceted 词义的猜想就能够凭借其自身的构词特色来完结。籍由multi- (多元的) 和 faceted (平面的),可知该词的意思为:多面的。
那么,作为教师而言,怎样能将猜词技巧贯穿于教育中,真正起到优化考生成果的效果呢?做到下列三方面,能达到这样的目标。
首先, 培育良好习惯。 养成做真题时脱离字典的习惯。讲堂上学员随时运用词典现已越来越遍及,尽管这样做快速回答了学生在单词方面的疑惑,但长期运用抹杀了咱们大脑自身具有的猜词能力,而缺少了大脑在猜想过程中的struggle, 即便日后进行了单词的回忆,也没有在其时第一时间进行struggle 后来得愈加回忆深入。
其次,设定针对性的单词操练。取一些与真题文章极为挨近的题源文章的相关片段,进行专门的词汇操练。主张下载www. bbc.co.uk 或 www.voa.com 的相关片段,类似程度高且简便易行。
最终,贯穿于教育中。教师在授课中也能够常常有认识地创造一些时机,加强操练,使学生构成激烈的认识,主动地参加操练。
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