雅思阅览长难句分析:刺进句型


时间:2018/2/1
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       一、前语

  阅览分为四个层次:词、句、段、章。同学们一般习惯于以词为单位阅览,所以遇到存在“生词”的语句就无从下手了。其实阅览的真正障碍并不在于“生词”,而在于“难句”,由于难句即使每个单词都知道,只需“结构”杂乱,可能也读不明白。反之,一旦可以掌握“结构”,就可以疏忽生词,掌握大意,然后完成 “无词阅览”的境界。为此,自己特意为广阔同学制作了这一套“难句随身卡”(包含基础篇和进步篇)。

  二、难句的构成

  英语的难句=主句+从句+短语,不同于汉语的语句满是简单句,没有杂乱句。假如把英语的难句比喻成大树,那么主句相当于树干,从句相当于树枝,而短语相当于叶子。只需掌握主句,就可了解大意。相比之下,汉语的语句就好比是竹子,一节一节的。

  因而,咱们在了解英语难句的时分要学会“拆”——把杂乱句拆成简单句来了解。也就是说,要学会捉住“树干”,拆掉“枝叶”。

  三、怎样“拆”

  任何语句都必须有谓语动词,所以找到一个谓语动词就可以拆下来一个语句。因而,了解难句的根本过程是:1)辨认出有哪几个谓语动词;2)找出主句的谓语动词,先了解主句;3)再去了解从句和短语。

  四、符号阐明

  1.谓语动词用黑体的斜体字表明,例如:Everyone should know …。

  2.从句的引导词用方框表明,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located。

  3.从句用横线表明,例如:where the nearest fire alarm box is located,表明where引导的从句。

  4.刺进语成分用括号表明,例如:Keeping your head, (instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit), may make the difference between…

      第二章 刺进结构

  本章难句列表:

  1.A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, (what is more important), always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, right use of words and right structure.

  结构:共有2个谓语动词,其间主句的是hears。(what is more)是刺进语,而刺进语并不重要。所以要先了解刺进语两头的内容,再了解刺进语。因而,关于刺进语,咱们的处理办法是:“先读两头,再读中心”。 with后边的right…right…and right…是并列结构。

  翻译:儿童从早到晚都能听到别人在讲(母语),并且更重要的是,听到的总是一种正确的发音、语调、用词以及语法结构的纯正语言。

  2.Work, (for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under), involves responsibility for a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well.

  结构:只要一个谓语动词:involves。(for most American and Chinese women aged 55 and under)是刺进语。本句的骨干为:Work involves responsibility。for后边的内容润饰responsibility,而a household, a child or children, and a job outside the home as well为并列结构。

  翻译:关于大多数美国和我国的55岁或许以下的妇女而言,作业的全部责任包含了担任家务、照料孩子以及在家务之外还要上班。

  3.Still, he could not help thinking that if anything should happen, the nearest person he could contact by radio, (unless there was a ship nearby), would be on an island 885 miles away.

  结构:共有5个谓语动词,主句谓语动词为could not help。that引导think的宾语从句。could contact归于定于从句,省掉了引导词,润饰person。unless引导条件状语从句,为刺进语。拆分为:

  1) Still, he could not help thinking.

  2) That if anything should happen.

  3) The nearest person would be on … away.

  4) he could contact the person.

  5) Unless there was a ship nearby.

  翻译:他依然不由得想到,假如发生了什么意外,那么除非附近有条船,不然他能用电台联系到的最近的人也885英里之外的岛屿上。

    4.Yet this other life has its interests, its enjoyments, its satisfaction, and, (at certain rare intervals), a peaceful glow or a sudden excitement.

  结构:只要1个谓语动词:has。its…, its…, its…, and a…or a…是并列结构,作为has的宾语。(at certain rare intervals)是刺进语。

  翻译:可是,这另一种日子也有其情味、高兴、满意,并且也偶尔伴随着安静的高兴或许出人意料的激动。

  5.Our knowledge of social systems, (therefore), (while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate), is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

  结构:共有2个谓语动词,其间is not是主句的谓语动词。while引导的退让状语从句,作为刺进语,分隔了主语和系动词。拆分为:

  1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

  2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.

  翻译:因而,虽然在许多方面,咱们对社会体系的知道极度不精确,可是这些知道并不可以被新的发现所正式推翻。

  6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

  结构:共有2个谓语动词,其间is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(no matter how virtuous)是刺进语,分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为:

  1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.

  2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

  翻译:可是,自我完成关于品德而言至关重要,由于没有自我完成的公民,不管多么有品德,都无法实行品德赋予他们的责任。

  1) Our knowledge of social systems is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.

  2) While it is in many ways extremely inaccurate.

  翻译:因而,虽然在许多方面,咱们对社会体系的知道极度不精确,可是这些知道并不可以被新的发现所正式推翻。

 6.However, self-fulfillment is important to morality because unfulfilled citizens, (no matter how virtuous), can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

  结构:共有2个谓语动词,其间is是主句的谓语动词。because引导原因状语从句。(no matter how virtuous)是刺进语,分隔了从句的主语和谓语。拆分为:

  1) Self-fulfillment is important to morality.

  2) Because unfulfilled citizens can not perform the duties morality assigns them.

  翻译:可是,自我完成关于品德而言至关重要,由于没有自我完成的公民,不管多么有品德,都无法实行品德赋予他们的责任。




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