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      1.依据比照联系猜想词义

　　在一个语句或阶段中，有对两个事物或现象进行比照性的描绘，咱们能够依据生词或难词的反义词猜想其词义。

　　例如：

　　Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother， in contrast，is quite humble and modest.

　　该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，可是句中短语in contrast，(相对照的，相比照的)能够提示咱们supercilious和后边词组humble and modest(谦卑又谦虚)是比照联系。分分出这种联系后，咱们便能猜出supercilious意为"目中无人的，高傲的"。

　　标明比照联系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast和while引导的并列句等。

　　A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.

　　该句中并未呈现上面说到的标明比照联系的词或短语，可是通过上下文能够判别出语句前后是比照联系，即把娴熟工人与非娴熟工人区分隔。这时咱们也能够揣度出生词adept的词义，"娴熟的"。

　　2.依据比较联系猜想词义

　　同比照联系相反，比较联系标明意义上的相似联系，例如：

　　Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious.该句中副词similarly标明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较联系。以此能够揣度出loquacious词义为"善谈的"。

　　标明比较联系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。

      3.依据因果联系猜想词义

　　在语句或阶段种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果联系，咱们能够依据这种逻辑联系推知生词词义。

　　例如：

　　Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

　　依据原因状语从句的内容，咱们能够揣度出生词autocratic指"刚愎自用的"。

　　There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow hisway through the crowd.

　　此句为成果状语从句，依据从句的描书"许多示威者"，咱们便可推知elbow的词意"挤，挤过"。

　　4.依据近义词的代替联系猜想词义

　　在语句或阶段种，咱们能够使用了解的词语，依据言语环境揣度生词词义。

　　例如：

　　Although he often had the opportunity， Mr. Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank，and he did not want to jeopardize his future.

　　作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其近义词jeopardize来代替它，由此推知其词义为"使。 . .堕入风险，危及、损害"。

　　Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful.

　　句中detrimental四个生词，但判别出harmful代替detrimental后，不难揣度出其词义为"晦气的，有害的"。